shikama

Swahili

Etymology

From -shika (“to hold, to stick”) +‎ -ama.

Verb

-shikama (infinitive kushikama)

1. to be attached

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shikama
Positive present -nashikama Subjunctive -shikame Negative -shikami Imperative singular shikama
Infinitives
Positive kushikama Negative kutoshikama
Imperatives
Singular shikama Plural shikameni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushikama Positive past positive subject concord + -lishikama Negative past negative subject concord + -kushikama
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashikama) Singular Plural 1st person ninashikama/nashikama tunashikama 2nd person unashikama mnashikama 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashikama wanashikama other classes positive subject concord + -nashikama
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shikami) Singular Plural 1st person sishikami hatushikami 2nd person hushikami hamshikami 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashikami hawashikami other classes negative subject concord + -shikami
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashikama Negative future negative subject concord + -tashikama
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shikame) Singular Plural 1st person nishikame tushikame 2nd person ushikame mshikame 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashikame washikame other classes positive subject concord + -shikame
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishikame Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshikama Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshikama Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishikama Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishikama
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashikama) Singular Plural 1st person nashikama twashikama 2nd person washikama mwashikama 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashikama washikama m-mi(III/IV) washikama yashikama ji-ma(V/VI) lashikama yashikama ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashikama vyashikama n(IX/X) yashikama zashikama u(XI) washikama see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashikama pa(XVI) pashikama mu(XVIII) mwashikama
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshikama "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashikama "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashikama "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishikama "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhikama Consecutive kashikama / positive subject concord + -kashikama Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashikame Object concord —
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + -shikama- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shikamaye -shikamao m-mi(III/IV) -shikamao -shikamayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shikamalo -shikamayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shikamacho -shikamavyo n(IX/X) -shikamayo -shikamazo u(XI) -shikamao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shikamako pa(XVI) -shikamapo mu(XVIII) -shikamamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + -shikama) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshikama -oshikama m-mi(III/IV) -oshikama -yoshikama ji-ma(V/VI) -loshikama -yoshikama ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshikama -vyoshikama n(IX/X) -yoshikama -zoshikama u(XI) -oshikama see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshikama pa(XVI) -poshikama mu(XVIII) -moshikama
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Reciprocal: -shikamana