punguza

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-punguza (infinitive kupunguza)

1. Causative form of -pungua: to reduce, to lower, to decrease, to diminish

Conjugation

Conjugation of -punguza
Positive present -napunguza Subjunctive -punguze Negative -punguzi Imperative singular punguza
Infinitives
Positive kupunguza Negative kutopunguza
Imperatives
Singular punguza Plural punguzeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupunguza Positive past positive subject concord + -lipunguza Negative past negative subject concord + -kupunguza
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napunguza) Singular Plural 1st person ninapunguza/napunguza tunapunguza 2nd person unapunguza mnapunguza 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapunguza wanapunguza other classes positive subject concord + -napunguza
Negative present (negative subject concord + -punguzi) Singular Plural 1st person sipunguzi hatupunguzi 2nd person hupunguzi hampunguzi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapunguzi hawapunguzi other classes negative subject concord + -punguzi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapunguza Negative future negative subject concord + -tapunguza
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -punguze) Singular Plural 1st person nipunguze tupunguze 2nd person upunguze mpunguze 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apunguze wapunguze other classes positive subject concord + -punguze
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipunguze Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepunguza Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepunguza Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipunguza Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipunguza
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apunguza) Singular Plural 1st person napunguza twapunguza 2nd person wapunguza mwapunguza 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apunguza wapunguza m-mi(III/IV) wapunguza yapunguza ji-ma(V/VI) lapunguza yapunguza ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapunguza vyapunguza n(IX/X) yapunguza zapunguza u(XI) wapunguza see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapunguza pa(XVI) papunguza mu(XVIII) mwapunguza
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepunguza "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapunguza "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japunguza "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipunguza "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopunguza Consecutive kapunguza / positive subject concord + -kapunguza Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapunguze
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipunguza -tupunguza 2nd person -kupunguza -wapunguza/-kupunguzeni/-wapunguzeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpunguza -wapunguza m-mi(III/IV) -upunguza -ipunguza ji-ma(V/VI) -lipunguza -yapunguza ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipunguza -vipunguza n(IX/X) -ipunguza -zipunguza u(XI) -upunguza see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupunguza pa(XVI) -papunguza mu(XVIII) -mupunguza Reflexive -jipunguza
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -punguza- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -punguzaye -punguzao m-mi(III/IV) -punguzao -punguzayo ji-ma(V/VI) -punguzalo -punguzayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -punguzacho -punguzavyo n(IX/X) -punguzayo -punguzazo u(XI) -punguzao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -punguzako pa(XVI) -punguzapo mu(XVIII) -punguzamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -punguza) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepunguza -opunguza m-mi(III/IV) -opunguza -yopunguza ji-ma(V/VI) -lopunguza -yopunguza ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopunguza -vyopunguza n(IX/X) -yopunguza -zopunguza u(XI) -opunguza see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopunguza pa(XVI) -popunguza mu(XVIII) -mopunguza
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Passive: -punguzwa
  • Stative: -punguzika

• Nominal derivations:
  • punguzo (“reduction, discount”)