pungua

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

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Verb

-pungua (infinitive kupungua)

1. Augmentative form of -punga: to decrease, diminish

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pungua
Positive present -napungua Subjunctive -pungue Negative -pungui Imperative singular pungua
Infinitives
Positive kupungua Negative kutopungua
Imperatives
Singular pungua Plural pungueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupungua Positive past positive subject concord + -lipungua Negative past negative subject concord + -kupungua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napungua) Singular Plural 1st person ninapungua/napungua tunapungua 2nd person unapungua mnapungua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapungua wanapungua other classes positive subject concord + -napungua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pungui) Singular Plural 1st person sipungui hatupungui 2nd person hupungui hampungui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapungui hawapungui other classes negative subject concord + -pungui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapungua Negative future negative subject concord + -tapungua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pungue) Singular Plural 1st person nipungue tupungue 2nd person upungue mpungue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apungue wapungue other classes positive subject concord + -pungue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipungue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepungua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepungua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipungua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipungua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apungua) Singular Plural 1st person napungua twapungua 2nd person wapungua mwapungua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apungua wapungua m-mi(III/IV) wapungua yapungua ji-ma(V/VI) lapungua yapungua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapungua vyapungua n(IX/X) yapungua zapungua u(XI) wapungua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapungua pa(XVI) papungua mu(XVIII) mwapungua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepungua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapungua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japungua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipungua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopungua Consecutive kapungua / positive subject concord + -kapungua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapungue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipungua -tupungua 2nd person -kupungua -wapungua/-kupungueni/-wapungueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpungua -wapungua m-mi(III/IV) -upungua -ipungua ji-ma(V/VI) -lipungua -yapungua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipungua -vipungua n(IX/X) -ipungua -zipungua u(XI) -upungua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupungua pa(XVI) -papungua mu(XVIII) -mupungua Reflexive -jipungua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pungua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -punguaye -punguao m-mi(III/IV) -punguao -punguayo ji-ma(V/VI) -pungualo -punguayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -punguacho -punguavyo n(IX/X) -punguayo -punguazo u(XI) -punguao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -punguako pa(XVI) -punguapo mu(XVIII) -punguamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pungua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepungua -opungua m-mi(III/IV) -opungua -yopungua ji-ma(V/VI) -lopungua -yopungua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopungua -vyopungua n(IX/X) -yopungua -zopungua u(XI) -opungua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopungua pa(XVI) -popungua mu(XVIII) -mopungua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.