phần
Appearance
See also: Appendix:Variations of "phan"
Vietnamese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Sino-Vietnamese word from 分 (“part; portion”), 份, from Middle Chinese 分 (bjunH), 份 (bjunH).
The huyền tone here is rather problematic. The regular tone derivation pattern, based on the original Middle Chinese tone and onset consonant would be as follows:
- 分 (bjunH, “portion”, 去聲 / 去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”), 全濁聲母 / 全浊声母 (quánzhuó shēngmǔ, “voiced obstruent onset”)) > Vietnamese phận, Mandarin 分 (fèn), Cantonese 分 (fan6)
- 分 (pjun, “to divide”, 平聲 / 平声 (píngshēng, “level tone”), 清聲母 / 清声母 (qīng shēngmǔ, “voiceless obstruent onset”)) > Vietnamese phân, Mandarin 分 (fēn), Cantonese 分 (fan1)
The huyền tone suggests an unattested Middle Chinese reading:
- 分 (*bjun, “portion”, level tone, voiced obstruent onset) > Vietnamese phần
Alternatively, the huyền tone suggests non-Classical Chinese origin. Compare hè and hạ, mùi and vị, vì and vị.
Doublet of phân and phận. Cognate with Mandarin 分 (fèn) and Cantonese 分 (fan6). See also phần tử and phân tử, and Phần Lan.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [fən˨˩]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [fəŋ˦˩]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [fəŋ˨˩]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file) Audio (Saigon): (file)
Noun
[edit]phần
- a part of something that may or may not be divided from a larger whole; a part, a portion, a ration, etc.
- phần lớn ― the majority
- (television) a season; a series
- Meronym: tập (“episode”)
- (film) a prequel or a sequel
- (arithmetic) a decimal place
- Coordinate term: hàng (“integer place”)
- phần chục ― the first decimal place; the tenths place
- phần trăm ― the second decimal place; the hundredths place
- phần nghìn ― the third decimal place; the thousandths place
- tenth part
- 2005, chapter 21, in Cao Tự Thanh, transl., Anh hùng xạ điêu, Văn học, translation of 射雕英雄传 by Jīn Yōng (Kim Dung):
- – Cha ta tinh thông thuật âm dương ngũ hành, con gái ông tự nhiên cũng biết được ba phần, […]
- "My father is expert in yin-yang and five-element techniques; as his daughter naturally I know a little as well, […]"
- (literally, “I know three tenths as well”)
Derived terms
[edit]Particle
[edit]phần
- (arithmetic) used in fractions, between the numerator and the denominator; per; -th
- một phần tư ― one fourth
- năm mươi phần trăm ― fifty percent
See also
[edit]Verb
[edit]phần
- (colloquial) Short for để phần (“to set a share aside”).
Categories:
- Sino-Vietnamese words
- Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Vietnamese doublets
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese terms with audio pronunciation
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- vi:Television
- vi:Film
- vi:Arithmetic
- Vietnamese terms with quotations
- Vietnamese particles
- Vietnamese verbs
- Vietnamese colloquialisms
- Vietnamese short forms