hạ

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ha"

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [haː˧˨ʔ]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [haː˨˩ʔ]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [haː˨˩˨]

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 夏. Doublet of hè. Compare xe and xa, chè and trà. Also compare Japanese go-on reading げ (ge) and kan-on reading か (ka) of the same Chinese word.

Noun

hạ

1. (literary) summer

   Synonym: hè

   xuân hạ thu đông

   spring, summer, fall and winter

Derived terms

• 仲夏 (trọng hạ)
• 夏威夷 (Hạ Uy Di)
• 夏至 (hạ chí)
• 孟夏 (mạnh hạ)
• 寧夏 (Ninh Hạ)
• 立夏 (lập hạ)
• 西夏 (Tây Hạ)

 

See also

Seasons in Vietnamese · bốn mùa (“four seasons”) (layout · text) · category
xuân (“spring”)	hè, hạ (“summer”)	thu (“fall; autumn”)	đông (“winter”)

Etymology 2

Sino-Vietnamese word from 下.

Verb

hạ

1. to lower

   Antonym: nâng

2. to bring down, to take down

   bắn hạ ― to shoot down

3. (in a competition) to defeat
4. (card games) to play (a card)

See also

Derived terms

• hạ độc
• hạ giá
• hạ nhục
• thiên hạ