pelnīt
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Originally the verbalized form of an old noun pelns (cf. nopelns (“merit”)), from Proto-Baltic *pel-na-s, from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to sell, to earn”). Cognates include Lithuanian pelnýti, Proto-Slavic *pelnъ “booty” (Old Church Slavonic плѣнъ (plěnŭ), Russian поло́н (polón)), Ancient Greek πωλέω (pōléō, “to sell”)[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]pelnīt (transitive, 2nd/3rd conjugation, present pelnīju, pelnī, pelnī / pelnu, pelni, pelna, past pelnīju)
- to be paid, to earn (to receive payment for work, for doing something)
- pelnīt lielu naudu ― to earn a lot of money
- pelnīt maizi, iztiku ― to earn bread, a livelihood
- cik viņš pelna mēnesī? ― how much does he earn per month?
- viņš jau strādāja un pelnīja ― he was already working and being paid
- Krišus pelnīja piecdesmit kapeiku dienā, un no viņa algas vajadzēja iztikt mātei un abiem brāļiem ― Krišus earned fifty kopeks per day, and from his pay his mother and his two brothers had to live
- Mintauts labi pelna, viņš noteikti ir arī šo to iekrājis ― Mintauts earns well, he also certainly (managed to) save some (money)
- to earn, to deserve (to be such that one should receive, e.g., recognition, praise, blame, guilt, etc.)
- pelnīt rājienu, pērienu ― to deserve, to earn a reprimand, a beating
- pelnīt piecinieku ― to deserve, to earn an A (lit. 5) grades
- tas pelna ievērību, nosodījumu ― this deserves attention, condemnation
- māte ir pelnījusi cieņu un mīlestību ― mother deserves respect and love
- viņš to nav pelnījis ― he hasn't earned, doesn't deserve that
- ko pelnījis, to dabūjis ― he got what he earned, deserved
Usage notes
[edit]Even though pelnīt can in principle be a 2nd-conjugation (pelnīju) or a 3rd-conjugation (pelnu) verb, its 3rd-conjugation forms are much more frequent. In certain cases, the 2nd-conjugation forms are even apparently not used at all (e.g., the adjectival present active participle 1 is attested as pelnošs, not pelnījošs, and the present passive participle as pelnāms, not pelnījams).
Conjugation
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “pelnīt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with falling intonation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian second conjugation verbs
- Latvian second conjugation verbs in -īt
- Latvian second/third conjugation verbs
- Latvian third conjugation verbs
- Latvian third conjugation verbs in -īt