πωλέω
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Could be from a Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *pl̥n-, with potential cognates including Sanskrit पणते (páṇate, “to barter, negotiate”), Lithuanian pel̃nas (“profit, gain”), Proto-Slavic *pȇlnъ (“loot, spoils”), and Proto-Germanic *falaz (“for sale”). However, could also be related to ἐμπολή (empolḗ, “trade, purchase”), which is usually connected with πέλομαι (pélomai, “to turn”), itself from πέλω (pélō, “I move, am”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pɔː.lé.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /poˈle.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /poˈle.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /poˈle.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /poˈle.o/
Verb
[edit]πωλέω • (pōléō)
- to sell
- Palatine Anthology 11.3
Inflection
[edit] Present: πωλέω, πωλέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπώλεον | ἐπώλεες | ἐπώλεε(ν) | ἐπωλέετον | ἐπωλεέτην | ἐπωλέομεν | ἐπωλέετε | ἐπώλεον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπωλεόμην | ἐπωλέου | ἐπωλέετο | ἐπωλέεσθον | ἐπωλεέσθην | ἐπωλεόμεθᾰ | ἐπωλέεσθε | ἐπωλέοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐπώλουν | ἐπώλεις | ἐπώλει | ἐπωλεῖτον | ἐπωλείτην | ἐπωλοῦμεν | ἐπωλεῖτε | ἐπώλουν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπωλούμην | ἐπωλοῦ | ἐπωλεῖτο | ἐπωλεῖσθον | ἐπωλείσθην | ἐπωλούμεθᾰ | ἐπωλεῖσθε | ἐπωλοῦντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πωλέεσκον | πωλέεσκες | πωλέεσκε(ν) | πωλεέσκετον | πωλεεσκέτην | πωλεέσκομεν | πωλεέσκετε | πωλέεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πωλεεσκόμην | πωλεέσκου | πωλεέσκετο | πωλεέσκεσθον | πωλεεσκέσθην | πωλεεσκόμεθᾰ | πωλεέσκεσθε | πωλεέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | πωλήσω | πωλήσεις | πωλήσει | πωλήσετον | πωλήσετον | πωλήσομεν | πωλήσετε | πωλήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | πωλήσοιμῐ | πωλήσοις | πωλήσοι | πωλήσοιτον | πωλησοίτην | πωλήσοιμεν | πωλήσοιτε | πωλήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | πωλήσομαι | πωλήσῃ, πωλήσει |
πωλήσεται | πωλήσεσθον | πωλήσεσθον | πωλησόμεθᾰ | πωλήσεσθε | πωλήσονται | ||||
optative | πωλησοίμην | πωλήσοιο | πωλήσοιτο | πωλήσοισθον | πωλησοίσθην | πωλησοίμεθᾰ | πωλήσοισθε | πωλήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | πωλήσειν | πωλήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | πωλήσων | πωλησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | πωλήσουσᾰ | πωλησομένη | |||||||||||
n | πωλῆσον | πωλησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: πεπωλήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
passive | indicative | πεπωλήσομαι | πεπωλήσῃ | πεπωλήσεται | πεπωλήσεσθον | πεπωλήσεσθον | πεπωλησόμεθᾰ | πεπωλήσεσθε | πεπωλήσονται | ||||
optative | πεπωλησοίμην | πεπωλήσοιο | πεπωλήσοιτο | πεπωλήσοισθον | πεπωλησοίσθην | πεπωλησοίμεθᾰ | πεπωλήσοισθε | πεπωλήσοιντο | |||||
passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πεπωλήσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πεπωλησόμενος | |||||||||||
f | πεπωλησομένη | ||||||||||||
n | πεπωλησόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Suppletive forms from ἀποδίδομαι (apodídomai), usual in Attic prose:
Future: ἀποδώσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἀποδώσομαι | ἀποδώσῃ, ἀποδώσει |
ἀποδώσεται | ἀποδώσεσθον | ἀποδώσεσθον | ἀποδωσόμεθᾰ | ἀποδώσεσθε | ἀποδώσονται | ||||
optative | ἀποδωσοίμην | ἀποδώσοιο | ἀποδώσοιτο | ἀποδώσοισθον | ἀποδωσοίσθην | ἀποδωσοίμεθᾰ | ἀποδώσοισθε | ἀποδώσοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποδώσεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποδωσόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἀποδωσομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποδωσόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἀπεδόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἀπεδόμην | ἀπέδου | ἀπέδοτο | ἀπέδοσθον | ἀπεδόσθην | ἀπεδόμεθᾰ | ἀπέδοσθε | ἀπέδοντο | ||||
subjunctive | ἀποδῶμαι | ἀποδῷ | ἀποδῶται | ἀποδῶσθον | ἀποδῶσθον | ἀποδώμεθᾰ | ἀποδῶσθε | ἀποδῶνται | |||||
optative | ἀποδοίμην | ἀποδοῖο | ἀποδοῖτο | ἀποδοῖσθον | ἀποδοίσθην | ἀποδοίμεθᾰ | ἀποδοῖσθε | ἀποδοῖντο | |||||
imperative | ἀπόδου | ἀποδόσθω | ἀπόδοσθον | ἀποδόσθων | ἀπόδοσθε | ἀποδόσθων | |||||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἀποδόσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἀποδόμενος | |||||||||||
f | ἀποδομένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἀποδόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Synonyms
[edit]- ἀποδίδομαι (apodídomai)
- πιπράσκω (pipráskō)
- πέρνημι (pérnēmi)
Antonyms
[edit]- ὠνέομαι (ōnéomai, “I buy”)
Derived terms
[edit]- ἀλλαντοπωλέω (allantopōléō)
- ἀνᾰπωλέω (anapōléō)
- ἀρτοπωλέω (artopōléō)
- γελγοπωλέω (gelgopōléō)
- δῐᾰπωλέω (diapōléō)
- ἐλαιοπώλέω (elaiopṓléō)
- ἐμπωλέω (empōléō)
- ἐπῐπωλέω (epipōléō)
- ἐριοπωλέω (eriopōléō)
- ἰχθῠοπωλέω (ikhthuopōléō)
- κᾰτᾰπωλέω (katapōléō)
- κερᾰμοπωλέω (keramopōléō)
- κρεοπωλέω (kreopōléō)
- λᾰφῡροπωλέω (laphūropōléō)
- λῐβᾰνωτοπωλέω (libanōtopōléō)
- λοφοπωλέω (lophopōléō)
- λυχνοπωλέω (lukhnopōléō)
- μελῐτοπωλέω (melitopōléō)
- μετᾰπωλέω (metapōléō)
- μονοπωλέω (monopōléō)
- μῠροπωλέω (muropōléō)
- οἰνοπωλέω (oinopōléō)
- παντοπωλέω (pantopōléō)
- πᾰρᾰπωλέω (parapōléō)
- προπωλέω (propōléō)
- προσπωλέω (prospōléō)
- πῡροπωλέω (pūropōléō)
- ῥωποπωλέω (rhōpopōléō)
- σῑτοπωλέω (sītopōléō)
- σῠμπωλέω (sumpōléō)
- τᾰρῑχοπωλέω (tarīkhopōléō)
- τῑμιοπωλέω (tīmiopōléō)
- τῡροπωλέω (tūropōléō)
- φαρμᾰκοπωλέω (pharmakopōléō)
- χοιροπωλέω (khoiropōléō)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Greek: πωλώ (poló, “to sell”), πουλάω (pouláo, “to sell”), πουλώ (pouló, “to sell”)
- Mariupol Greek: пулу́ (pulú)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πωλέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1265
Further reading
[edit]- “πωλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πωλέω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- πωλέω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- G4453 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- “πωλέω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011