kerana

English

Alternative forms

• karnay

Noun

kerana (plural keranas)

1. (music) A long Persian trumpet.

Estonian

Noun

kerana

1. essive singular of kera

Javanese

Romanization

kerana

1. Romanization of ꦏꦼꦫꦤ

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause; reason”) (compare Indonesian karena). Doublet of kerani.

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Riau) IPA^(key): [kə.ra.nə], [kə.rə.nə]
  • Rhymes: -nə, -ə
• (Baku) IPA^(key): [kə.ra.na], [kə.rə.na]
  • Rhymes: -na, -a
• Hyphenation: ke‧ra‧na

Conjunction

kerana (Jawi spelling کران)

1. because

   Synonyms: akibat, lantaran, disebabkan, oleh sebab, sebab

   • 2000, “Keranamu Malaysia”, Siso Kopratasa (Syed Indera Syed Omar) (lyrics), Pak Ngah (Suhaimi Mohd Zain) (music):

     Keranamu kami bebas merdeka,
     Keranamu nyawa dipertaruhkan,
     Keranamu rela kami berjuang,
     Demi bangsa kedaulatan negara.

     Because of you we are free and independent,
     Because of you lives were at stake,
     Because of you we are willing to fight,
     For our nation and sovereignty.

Usage notes

• kerana is usually used in the middle of a sentence and not at the beginning of a sentence.

Alternative forms

• (Indonesian) karena

Derived terms

• kerana Allah
• oleh kerana

 

Further reading

• “kerana” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Swahili

Verb

-kerana (infinitive kukerana)

1. Reciprocal form of -kera

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kerana
Positive present -nakerana Subjunctive -kerane Negative -kerani Imperative singular kerana
Infinitives
Positive kukerana Negative kutokerana
Imperatives
Singular kerana Plural keraneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukerana Positive past positive subject concord + -likerana Negative past negative subject concord + -kukerana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakerana) Singular Plural 1st person ninakerana/nakerana tunakerana 2nd person unakerana mnakerana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakerana wanakerana other classes positive subject concord + -nakerana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kerani) Singular Plural 1st person sikerani hatukerani 2nd person hukerani hamkerani 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakerani hawakerani other classes negative subject concord + -kerani
Positive future positive subject concord + -takerana Negative future negative subject concord + -takerana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kerane) Singular Plural 1st person nikerane tukerane 2nd person ukerane mkerane 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akerane wakerane other classes positive subject concord + -kerane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikerane Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekerana Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekerana Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikerana Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikerana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akerana) Singular Plural 1st person nakerana twakerana 2nd person wakerana mwakerana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) akerana wakerana m-mi(III/IV) wakerana yakerana ji-ma(V/VI) lakerana yakerana ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakerana vyakerana n(IX/X) yakerana zakerana u(XI) wakerana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwakerana pa(XVI) pakerana mu(XVIII) mwakerana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekerana "Already" positive subject concord + -meshakerana "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakerana "If/When" positive subject concord + -kikerana "If not" positive subject concord + -sipokerana Consecutive kakerana / positive subject concord + -kakerana Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakerane
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nikerana -tukerana 2nd person -kukerana -wakerana/-kukeraneni/-wakeraneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkerana -wakerana m-mi(III/IV) -ukerana -ikerana ji-ma(V/VI) -likerana -yakerana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikerana -vikerana n(IX/X) -ikerana -zikerana u(XI) -ukerana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kukerana pa(XVI) -pakerana mu(XVIII) -mukerana Reflexive -jikerana
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kerana- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -keranaye -keranao m-mi(III/IV) -keranao -keranayo ji-ma(V/VI) -keranalo -keranayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -keranacho -keranavyo n(IX/X) -keranayo -keranazo u(XI) -keranao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -keranako pa(XVI) -keranapo mu(XVIII) -keranamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kerana) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yekerana -okerana m-mi(III/IV) -okerana -yokerana ji-ma(V/VI) -lokerana -yokerana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokerana -vyokerana n(IX/X) -yokerana -zokerana u(XI) -okerana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kokerana pa(XVI) -pokerana mu(XVIII) -mokerana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.