jonk

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch jong, from Middle Dutch jonc, from Old Dutch jung, from Proto-Germanic *jungaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuh₁n̥ḱós.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɔŋk/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

jonk (attributive jong, comparative jonger, superlative jongste)

1. young
2. recent

Inflection

Inflection of jonk

	predicative	attributive	independent		partitive
			singular	plural
positive	jonk	jong	jonge	jonges	jonks
comparative	jonger		jongere	jongeres	jongers
superlative	jongste			jongstes	—

Central Franconian

Alternative forms

• jong (more recent variant, now widespread)

Etymology

From Middle High German junc, from Old High German jung.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joŋk/

Adjective

jonk (masculine jonge, feminine jong, comparative jönger or jenger, superlative et jöngste or jengste)

1. (most dialects) young

   Hä hät noch en jong Dochter un e jonk Enkelche.

   He has a still young daughter and a young grandchild.

Inflection

Inflection example for jonk (Kölsch and central Ripuarian)

		masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
positive
predicative / adverbial		jonk
common case	strong	jonge	jonk	jong
	weak		jong
	partitive	jonges		—
dative case	initial	jongem		jonger	jonge
	non-initial	jonge
comparative
predicative / adverbial		jönger
common case	strong	jöngere	jönger
	weak
	partitive	jöngeres		—
dative case	initial	jöngerem		jöngerer	jöngere
	non-initial	jöngere
superlative
predicative / adverbial		et jöngste
common case	strong	jöngste
	weak
dative case	initial	jöngstem		jöngster	jöngste
	non-initial	jöngste
Strong (indefinite) and weak (definite) forms are distinguished in the neuter common case. The partitive form follows certain indefinite pronouns like jet (“something”). In the singular dative, there is a simpler distinction between “initial” and “non-initial” position, depending on whether the adjective is the first declined word of the noun phrase or not.

Limburgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɔŋk/
• Homophone: Jonk
• Hyphenation: jonk
• Rhymes: -ɔŋk

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *jung, from Proto-Germanic *jungaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuh₁n̥ḱós.

Alternative forms

• jónk (Central Limburgish, East Limburgish, Southeast Limburgish, North Limburgish)
  • joonk (Maastrichtian)
• jong, jóng (widespread variant)

Adjective

jonk (masculine jonge, feminine jong, comparative jonger or jönger, superlative jongste)

1. (Southeast Limburgish, including Eupen) young

   Antonyms: aod, (Eupen) aut

Etymology 2

Fixed nominalisation of Limburgish jonk (“young”).

Alternative forms

• Jonk (German-based spelling)
• jong (widespread variant)
  • Jong (Eupen, Krefeld)

Noun

jonk m (plural jonges, diminutive jungske)

1. (Southeast Limburgish, uncommon) boy, young guy

Noun

jonk n (plural jonge, diminutive jungske)

1. (Southeast Limburgish) A young: a young being, especially an animal.

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German junc, from Old High German jung.

The -k belongs to the uninflected stem (through final devoicing when -ng- was still a consonant cluster). Though adjectives have usually generalized the inflected stem (cf. laang, not *lank), there are exceptions with generalization of the basic form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /joŋk/
• Rhymes: -oŋk

Adjective

jonk (masculine jonken, neuter jonkt, comparative méi jonk or jénger, superlative am jéngsten)

1. young

   Ech frot e jonke Mann, dee mer de Wee gewisen huet.

   I asked a young man who gave me directions.

Declension

declension of jonk

number and gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		hien ass jonk	si ass jonk	et ass jonk	si si(nn) jonk
nominative / accusative	attributive and/or after determiner	jonken	jonk	jonkt	jonk
	independent without determiner			jonkes	jonker
dative	after any declined word	jonken	jonker	jonken	jonken
	as first declined word	jonkem		jonkem

Antonyms

• al

Middle English

Alternative forms

• jonke, jounke, joynk, junck, junk

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French jonc (“rush”), from Old French jonc, from Latin iuncus, from Proto-Italic *joinikos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒunk/

Noun

jonk (plural jonkes) (rare)

1. (nautical) An old cable or rope.
2. A rush (plant of the family Juncaceae)
3. A rush basket.

Descendants

• English: junk

References

• “jǒnk, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “jǒnk, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

North Frisian

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian diunk, from Proto-Germanic *dinkwaz, variant of *dankwaz (“dark”). Compare with German dunkel.

Adjective

jonk

1. (Föhr-Amrum) dark

Inflection

Inflection of jonk (Föhr-Amrum dialect)

	masculine		feminine / neuter	plural
	indefinite	definite
positive
predicative / adverbial	jonk
attributive	jonken	jonk		jonk
independent				jonken
partitive	jonks			—
comparative
predicative / adverbial	jonker
attributive	jonkeren	jonker		jonker
independent				jonkeren
partitive	jonkers			—
superlative
predicative / adverbial	am jonksten
attributive	—	jonkst		jonkst
independent				jonksten

Alternative forms

• junk (Sylt)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

jonk

1. (Föhr-Amrum, obsolete) Object case of jat: you two

Swedish

Etymology

Perhaps borrowed from English junk.

Noun

jonk n

1. (slang) brown heroin

Declension

Declension of jonk

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	jonk	jonks
	definite	jonket	jonkets
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Related terms

• jonkare (“heroinist”)

See also

• horse

References

• Swedish Police Authority list of drug slang
• Slangopedia