Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/jungaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuHn̥ḱós (“young”), from *h₂yuh₁en- (“idem”). The shortening of the vowel from earlier *-uHun- is due to Osthoff's law.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjuŋ.ɡɑz/

Adjective

*jungaz (comparative *junhizô, superlative *junhistaz)

1. young

Inflection

Declension of *jungaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*jungaz	*jungai	*jungō	*jungôz	*jungą, -atō	*jungō
Accusative	*junganǭ	*junganz	*jungǭ	*jungōz	*jungą, -atō	*jungō
Genitive	*jungas, -is	*jungaizǫ̂	*jungaizōz	*jungaizǫ̂	*jungas, -is	*jungaizǫ̂
Dative	*jungammai	*jungaimaz	*jungaizōi	*jungaimaz	*jungammai	*jungaimaz
Instrumental	*junganō	*jungaimiz	*jungaizō	*jungaimiz	*junganō	*jungaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*jungô	*junganiz	*jungǭ	*jungōniz	*jungô	*jungōnō
Accusative	*junganų	*junganunz	*jungōnų	*jungōnunz	*jungô	*jungōnō
Genitive	*junginiz	*junganǫ̂	*jungōniz	*jungōnǫ̂	*junginiz	*junganǫ̂
Dative	*jungini	*jungammaz	*jungōni	*jungōmaz	*jungini	*jungammaz
Instrumental	*junginē	*jungammiz	*jungōnē	*jungōmiz	*junginē	*jungammiz

Derived terms

• *jungijaną
• *jungilingaz

Related terms

• *jundō
• *jugunþiz

Antonyms

• *aldaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *jung
  • Old English: ġeong, ġing, ġiong, ġiung, ġung, iong, iung, ġeng
    • Middle English: yong
      • English: young
      • Scots: young
  • Old Frisian: jung
    • Saterland Frisian: jung, junk
    • West Frisian: jong
  • Old Saxon: jung
    • Middle Low German: jung
      • Low German: jung
      • → Polabian: jungĕ
  • Old Dutch: jung
    • Middle Dutch: jonc
      • Dutch: jong
      • Limburgish: jong
  • Old High German: jung
    • Middle High German: junc
      • Alemannic German: jung, jungu, jungà, junhs, jòng
      • Bavarian: junk

        Cimbrian: jung, djung, junk

        Mòcheno: jung

      • Central Franconian: jonk

        Hunsrik: jung

        Luxembourgish: jonk

      • German: jung
      • Pennsylvania German: jung
      • Vilamovian: jung
      • Yiddish: יונג (yung)
• Old Norse: ungr
  • Icelandic: ungur
  • Faroese: ungur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: ung; (dialectal) ong
  • Elfdalian: ungg
  • Old Swedish: unger
    • Swedish: ung
  • Old Danish: ungær, ung
    • Danish: ung
      • Norwegian Bokmål: ung
  • Gutnish: unggar
  • Scanian: onger
• Gothic: 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍃 (juggs)