gozar

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese gozar (attested ca. 1300), from Old Spanish gozar, from Latin gaudium (“joy”). Compare Portuguese and Spanish gozar.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡoˈθaɾ/ [ɡoˈθaɾ]

• IPA^(key): (standard) /ɡoˈθaɾ/ [ɡoˈθaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (gheada) /ħoˈθaɾ/ [ħoˈθaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (gheada and seseo) /ħoˈsaɾ/ [ħoˈsaɾ]

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: go‧zar

Verb

gozar (first-person singular present gozo, first-person singular preterite gocei, past participle gozado)
gozar (first-person singular present gozo, first-person singular preterite gozei, past participle gozado, reintegrationist norm)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to enjoy

   Synonym: desfrutar

2. to have fun, frolic

   Synonym: troulear

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gozar (c-z alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gozar
Personal	gozar	gozares	gozar	gozarmos	gozardes	gozaren
Gerund
	gozando
Past participle
Masculine	gozado			gozados
Feminine	gozada			gozadas
Indicative
Present	gozo	gozas	goza	gozamos	gozades	gozan
Imperfect	gozaba	gozabas	gozaba	gozabamos	gozabades	gozaban
Preterite	gocei	gozaches	gozou	gozamos	gozastes	gozaron
Pluperfect	gozara	gozaras	gozara	gozaramos	gozarades	gozaran
Future	gozarei	gozarás	gozará	gozaremos	gozaredes	gozarán
Conditional	gozaría	gozarías	gozaría	gozariamos	gozariades	gozarían
Subjunctive
Present	goce	goces	goce	gocemos	gocedes	gocen
Imperfect	gozase	gozases	gozase	gozásemos	gozásedes	gozasen
Future	gozar	gozares	gozar	gozarmos	gozardes	gozaren
Imperative
Affirmative		goza	goce	gocemos	gozade	gocen
Negative (non)		non goces	non goce	non gocemos	non gocedes	non gocen

    Reintegrated conjugation of gozar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gozar
Personal	gozar	gozares	gozar	gozarmos	gozardes	gozarem
Gerund
	gozando
Past participle
Masculine	gozado			gozados
Feminine	gozada			gozadas
Indicative
Present	gozo	gozas	goza	gozamos	gozades, gozais	gozam
Imperfect	gozava	gozavas	gozava	gozávamos	gozávades, gozáveis, gozávais1	gozavam
Preterite	gozei	gozaste, gozache1	gozou	gozamos	gozastes	gozárom, gozaram
Pluperfect	gozara	gozaras	gozara	gozáramos	gozárades, gozáreis, gozárais1	gozaram
Future	gozarei	gozarás	gozará	gozaremos	gozaredes, gozareis	gozarám, gozarão
Conditional	gozaria	gozarias	gozaria	gozaríamos	gozaríades, gozaríeis, gozaríais1	gozariam
Subjunctive
Present	goze	gozes	goze	gozemos	gozedes, gozeis	gozem
Imperfect	gozasse	gozasses	gozasse	gozássemos	gozássedes, gozásseis	gozassem
Future	gozar	gozares	gozar	gozarmos	gozardes	gozarem
Imperative
Affirmative		goza	goze	gozemos	gozade, gozai	gozem
Negative (nom)		nom gozes	nom goze	nom gozemos	nom gozedes, nom gozeis	nom gozem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• gozo

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “gozar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “goza”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “gozar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “gozar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “gozar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “gozar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “gozar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Ladino

Verb

gozar (Latin spelling)

1. to enjoy

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese gozar, from Old Spanish gozar, from Latin gaudium (“joy”). Compare Galician and Spanish gozar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡoˈza(ʁ)/ [ɡoˈza(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡoˈza(ʁ)/ [ɡoˈza(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ɡoˈza(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ɡoˈza(ʁ)/ [ɡoˈza(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ɡoˈza(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡuˈzaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡuˈzaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ɡuˈza.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: go‧zar

Verb

gozar (first-person singular present gozo, first-person singular preterite gozei, past participle gozado)

1. (transitive, intransitive) to enjoy [transitive or with de ‘something’]

   Synonyms: aproveitar, desfrutar

   Gozas de uma boa saúde. ― You enjoy good health.

2. (reflexive) to enjoy [with de ‘something’]
3. (intransitive) to enjoy [with de ‘prestige’]
4. (intransitive) to enjoy oneself
5. (transitive, intransitive) to mock (to make fun of) [transitive or with com ‘someone’]

   Synonyms: escarnecer, fazer piada, zombar

   Vocês estão me gozando? ― Are you making fun of me?

6. (intransitive) to joke [with com ‘with someone’]

   Estou a gozar contigo. ― I'm joking.

7. (Brazil, intransitive, slang, vulgar) to cum (to have an orgasm)
8. (Brazil, slang, vulgar) to cum (to ejaculate) [intransitive; or transitive with para ‘for someone’]

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:ejacular

   Goza pra mim, seu safado. ― Cum for me, you naughty boy.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gozar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	gozar
Personal	gozar	gozares	gozar	gozarmos	gozardes	gozarem
Gerund
	gozando
Past participle
Masculine	gozado			gozados
Feminine	gozada			gozadas
Indicative
Present	gozo	gozas	goza	gozamos	gozais	gozam
Imperfect	gozava	gozavas	gozava	gozávamos	gozáveis	gozavam
Preterite	gozei	gozaste	gozou	gozamos1, gozámos2	gozastes	gozaram
Pluperfect	gozara	gozaras	gozara	gozáramos	gozáreis	gozaram
Future	gozarei	gozarás	gozará	gozaremos	gozareis	gozarão
Conditional	gozaria	gozarias	gozaria	gozaríamos	gozaríeis	gozariam
Subjunctive
Present	goze	gozes	goze	gozemos	gozeis	gozem
Imperfect	gozasse	gozasses	gozasse	gozássemos	gozásseis	gozassem
Future	gozar	gozares	gozar	gozarmos	gozardes	gozarem
Imperative
Affirmative		goza	goze	gozemos	gozai	gozem
Negative (não)		não gozes	não goze	não gozemos	não gozeis	não gozem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish gozar, from gozo (“joy”) +‎ -ar (verb-forming suffix). Compare Asturian gociar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /ɡoˈθaɾ/ [ɡoˈθaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /ɡoˈsaɾ/ [ɡoˈsaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: go‧zar

Verb

gozar (first-person singular present gozo, first-person singular preterite gocé, past participle gozado)

1. to enjoy oneself

   Synonym: disfrutar

2. to enjoy

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gozar (c-z alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			gozar
gerund			gozando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		gozado		gozada
		plural		gozados		gozadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	gozo	gozastú gozásvos	goza	gozamos	gozáis	gozan
	imperfect	gozaba	gozabas	gozaba	gozábamos	gozabais	gozaban
	preterite	gocé	gozaste	gozó	gozamos	gozasteis	gozaron
	future	gozaré	gozarás	gozará	gozaremos	gozaréis	gozarán
	conditional	gozaría	gozarías	gozaría	gozaríamos	gozaríais	gozarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	goce	gocestú gocésvos2	goce	gocemos	gocéis	gocen
	imperfect (ra)	gozara	gozaras	gozara	gozáramos	gozarais	gozaran
	imperfect (se)	gozase	gozases	gozase	gozásemos	gozaseis	gozasen
	future1	gozare	gozares	gozare	gozáremos	gozareis	gozaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		gozatú gozávos	goce	gocemos	gozad	gocen
	negative		no goces	no goce	no gocemos	no gocéis	no gocen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of gozar (c-z alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive gozar	dative	gozarme	gozarte	gozarle, gozarse	gozarnos	gozaros	gozarles, gozarse
	accusative	gozarme	gozarte	gozarlo, gozarla, gozarse	gozarnos	gozaros	gozarlos, gozarlas, gozarse
with gerund gozando	dative	gozándome	gozándote	gozándole, gozándose	gozándonos	gozándoos	gozándoles, gozándose
	accusative	gozándome	gozándote	gozándolo, gozándola, gozándose	gozándonos	gozándoos	gozándolos, gozándolas, gozándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative goza	dative	gózame	gózate	gózale	gózanos	not used	gózales
	accusative	gózame	gózate	gózalo, gózala	gózanos	not used	gózalos, gózalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative gozá	dative	gozame	gozate	gozale	gozanos	not used	gozales
	accusative	gozame	gozate	gozalo, gozala	gozanos	not used	gozalos, gozalas
with formal second-person singular imperative goce	dative	góceme	not used	gócele, gócese	gócenos	not used	góceles
	accusative	góceme	not used	gócelo, gócela, gócese	gócenos	not used	gócelos, gócelas
with first-person plural imperative gocemos	dative	not used	gocémoste	gocémosle	gocémonos	gocémoos	gocémosles
	accusative	not used	gocémoste	gocémoslo, gocémosla	gocémonos	gocémoos	gocémoslos, gocémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative gozad	dative	gozadme	not used	gozadle	gozadnos	gozaos	gozadles
	accusative	gozadme	not used	gozadlo, gozadla	gozadnos	gozaos	gozadlos, gozadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative gocen	dative	gócenme	not used	gócenle	gócennos	not used	gócenles, gócense
	accusative	gócenme	not used	gócenlo, gócenla	gócennos	not used	gócenlos, gócenlas, gócense

Derived terms

• gozarla
• gozón

 

Descendants

• → Sardinian: gosare, gosai (Campidanese)

Further reading

• “gozar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10