endesha

Swahili

Etymology

From -enda (“to go”) +‎ -esha (causative affix).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-endesha (infinitive kuendesha)

1. Causative form of -enda: to drive (operate a motor vehicle), to ride (to ride a horse)

   kuendesha gari ― to drive a car

   kuendesha baiskeli ― to ride a bicycle

   kuendesha farasi ― to ride a horse

2. to manage
3. to pressurize
4. (medicine) to have diarrhea

Conjugation

Conjugation of -endesha
Positive present -naendesha Subjunctive -endeshe Negative -endeshi Imperative singular endesha
Infinitives
Positive kuendesha Negative kutoendesha
Imperatives
Singular endesha Plural endesheni
Tensed forms
Habitual huendesha Positive past positive subject concord + -liendesha Negative past negative subject concord + -kuendesha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naendesha) Singular Plural 1st person ninaendesha/naendesha tunaendesha 2nd person unaendesha mnaendesha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaendesha wanaendesha other classes positive subject concord + -naendesha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -endeshi) Singular Plural 1st person siendeshi hatuendeshi 2nd person huendeshi hamwendeshi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) haendeshi hawaendeshi other classes negative subject concord + -endeshi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taendesha Negative future negative subject concord + -taendesha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -endeshe) Singular Plural 1st person niendeshe tuendeshe 2nd person uendeshe mwendeshe 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aendeshe waendeshe other classes positive subject concord + -endeshe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siendeshe Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeendesha Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeendesha Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliendesha Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliendesha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aendesha) Singular Plural 1st person naendesha twaendesha 2nd person waendesha mwaendesha 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aendesha waendesha m-mi(III/IV) waendesha yaendesha ji-ma(V/VI) laendesha yaendesha ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaendesha vyaendesha n(IX/X) yaendesha zaendesha u(XI) waendesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaendesha pa(XVI) paendesha mu(XVIII) mwaendesha
Perfect positive subject concord + -meendesha "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaendesha "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaendesha "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiendesha "If not" positive subject concord + -sipoendesha Consecutive kaendesha / positive subject concord + -kaendesha Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaendeshe
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niendesha -tuendesha 2nd person -kuendesha -waendesha/-kuendesheni/-waendesheni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwendesha -waendesha m-mi(III/IV) -uendesha -iendesha ji-ma(V/VI) -liendesha -yaendesha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiendesha -viendesha n(IX/X) -iendesha -ziendesha u(XI) -uendesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuendesha pa(XVI) -paendesha mu(XVIII) -muendesha Reflexive -jiendesha
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -endesha- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -endeshaye -endeshao m-mi(III/IV) -endeshao -endeshayo ji-ma(V/VI) -endeshalo -endeshayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -endeshacho -endeshavyo n(IX/X) -endeshayo -endeshazo u(XI) -endeshao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -endeshako pa(XVI) -endeshapo mu(XVIII) -endeshamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -endesha) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeendesha -oendesha m-mi(III/IV) -oendesha -yoendesha ji-ma(V/VI) -loendesha -yoendesha ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choendesha -vyoendesha n(IX/X) -yoendesha -zoendesha u(XI) -oendesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koendesha pa(XVI) -poendesha mu(XVIII) -moendesha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -endeshea
  • Causative: -endeshesha
  • Passive: -endeshwa
  • Reciprocal: -endeshana
  • Stative: -endesheka

• Nominal derivations:
  • mwendeshaji (“driver”)
  • uendeshaji (“administration, operation”)