cerrar

Asturian

Verb

cerrar (first-person singular indicative present cerro, past participle cerráu)

1. Alternative form of zarrar

Conjugation

Conjugation of cerrar

infinitive		cerrar
gerund		cerrando
past participle		m cerráu, f cerrada, n cerrao, m pl cerraos, f pl cerraes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	cerro	cerres	cerra	cerramos	cerráis	cerren
	imperfect	cerraba	cerrabes	cerraba	cerrábemos, cerrábamos	cerrabeis, cerrabais	cerraben
	preterite	cerré	cerrasti, cerresti	cerró	cerremos	cerrastis, cerrestis	cerraron
	pluperfect	cerrare, cerrara	cerrares, cerraras	cerrare, cerrara	cerráremos, cerráramos	cerrareis, cerrarais	cerraren, cerraran
	future	cerraré	cerrarás	cerrará	cerraremos	cerraréis	cerrarán
	conditional	cerraría	cerraríes	cerraría	cerraríemos, cerraríamos	cerraríeis, cerraríais	cerraríen
subjunctive	present	cerre	cerres, cerras	cerre	cerremos	cerréis	cerren, cerran
	imperfect	cerrare, cerrara	cerrares, cerraras	cerrare, cerrara	cerráremos, cerráramos	cerrareis, cerrarais	cerraren, cerraran
imperative		—	cerra	—	—	cerrái	—

Galician

Alternative forms

• zarrar

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese serrar, çerrar, sarrar, çarrar, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serō, serāre (“fasten, bolt”), from Latin sera (“bolt, cross-bar”).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /θɛˈraɾ/
• (western) IPA^(key): /sɛˈraɾ/

Verb

cerrar (first-person singular present cerro, first-person singular preterite cerrei, past participle cerrado)

1. (transitive) to close, shut
2. (transitive) to seal
3. (transitive) to enclose
4. (intransitive) to darken, dim
5. (intransitive) to conclude
6. (pronominal) to close, shut

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cerrar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cerrar
Personal	cerrar	cerrares	cerrar	cerrarmos	cerrardes	cerraren
Gerund
	cerrando
Past participle
Masculine	cerrado			cerrados
Feminine	cerrada			cerradas
Indicative
Present	cerro	cerras	cerra	cerramos	cerrades	cerran
Imperfect	cerraba	cerrabas	cerraba	cerrabamos	cerrabades	cerraban
Preterite	cerrei	cerraches	cerrou	cerramos	cerrastes	cerraron
Pluperfect	cerrara	cerraras	cerrara	cerraramos	cerrarades	cerraran
Future	cerrarei	cerrarás	cerrará	cerraremos	cerraredes	cerrarán
Conditional	cerraría	cerrarías	cerraría	cerrariamos	cerrariades	cerrarían
Subjunctive
Present	cerre	cerres	cerre	cerremos	cerredes	cerren
Imperfect	cerrase	cerrases	cerrase	cerrásemos	cerrásedes	cerrasen
Future	cerrar	cerrares	cerrar	cerrarmos	cerrardes	cerraren
Imperative
Affirmative		cerra	cerre	cerremos	cerrade	cerren
Negative (non)		non cerres	non cerre	non cerremos	non cerredes	non cerren

    Reintegrated conjugation of cerrar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cerrar
Personal	cerrar	cerrares	cerrar	cerrarmos	cerrardes	cerrarem
Gerund
	cerrando
Past participle
Masculine	cerrado			cerrados
Feminine	cerrada			cerradas
Indicative
Present	cerro	cerras	cerra	cerramos	cerrades, cerrais	cerram
Imperfect	cerrava	cerravas	cerrava	cerrávamos	cerrávades, cerráveis, cerrávais1	cerravam
Preterite	cerrei	cerraste, cerrache1	cerrou	cerramos	cerrastes	cerrárom, cerraram
Pluperfect	cerrara	cerraras	cerrara	cerráramos	cerrárades, cerráreis, cerrárais1	cerraram
Future	cerrarei	cerrarás	cerrará	cerraremos	cerraredes, cerrareis	cerrarám, cerrarão
Conditional	cerraria	cerrarias	cerraria	cerraríamos	cerraríades, cerraríeis, cerraríais1	cerrariam
Subjunctive
Present	cerre	cerres	cerre	cerremos	cerredes, cerreis	cerrem
Imperfect	cerrasse	cerrasses	cerrasse	cerrássemos	cerrássedes, cerrásseis	cerrassem
Future	cerrar	cerrares	cerrar	cerrarmos	cerrardes	cerrarem
Imperative
Affirmative		cerra	cerre	cerremos	cerrade, cerrai	cerrem
Negative (nom)		nom cerres	nom cerre	nom cerremos	nom cerredes, nom cerreis	nom cerrem

¹Less recommended.

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cerrar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cerrar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “cerrar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cerrar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “cerrar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cerrar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese serrar, çerrar, sarrar, çarrar, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serāre (“to fasten, to bolt”), from Latin sera (“bolt, cross-bar”). Cognate with Galician and Spanish cerrar, French serrer and Italian serrare.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [seˈha(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [seˈha(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /seˈʁa(ɾ)/ [seˈha(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /seˈʁa(ʁ)/ [seˈχa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈʁa(ɻ)/ [seˈha(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨˈʁaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨˈʁaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨˈʁa.ɾi/

• Homophone: serrar
• Hyphenation: cer‧rar

Verb

cerrar (first-person singular present cerro, first-person singular preterite cerrei, past participle cerrado)

1. to close, shut
2. to seal

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cerrar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cerrar
Personal	cerrar	cerrares	cerrar	cerrarmos	cerrardes	cerrarem
Gerund
	cerrando
Past participle
Masculine	cerrado			cerrados
Feminine	cerrada			cerradas
Indicative
Present	cerro	cerras	cerra	cerramos	cerrais	cerram
Imperfect	cerrava	cerravas	cerrava	cerrávamos	cerráveis	cerravam
Preterite	cerrei	cerraste	cerrou	cerramos1, cerrámos2	cerrastes	cerraram
Pluperfect	cerrara	cerraras	cerrara	cerráramos	cerráreis	cerraram
Future	cerrarei	cerrarás	cerrará	cerraremos	cerrareis	cerrarão
Conditional	cerraria	cerrarias	cerraria	cerraríamos	cerraríeis	cerrariam
Subjunctive
Present	cerre	cerres	cerre	cerremos	cerreis	cerrem
Imperfect	cerrasse	cerrasses	cerrasse	cerrássemos	cerrásseis	cerrassem
Future	cerrar	cerrares	cerrar	cerrarmos	cerrardes	cerrarem
Imperative
Affirmative		cerra	cerre	cerremos	cerrai	cerrem
Negative (não)		não cerres	não cerre	não cerremos	não cerreis	não cerrem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin serrāre (“close, shut”), from Late Latin serāre (“fasten, bolt”), from Latin sera (“bolt, cross-bar”). Compare English serry/serried.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /θeˈraɾ/ [θeˈraɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /seˈraɾ/ [seˈraɾ]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: ce‧rrar
• Homophone: (Latin America) serrar

Verb

cerrar (first-person singular present cierro, first-person singular preterite cerré, past participle cerrado)

1. (transitive) to close, to shut

   Antonym: abrir

   No olvides cerrar la puerta.

   Don't forget to close the door.

2. (transitive) to shut down, to close down

   Antonym: abrir

   Quieren cerrar tu negocio.

   They're trying to shut your business down.

3. (transitive) to turn off, to shut off (to rotate a tap or valve so as to interrupt the outflow of liquid or gas)

   cerrar el grifo ― to turn off the tap

   cerrar la luz ― to turn off the lights

4. (transitive) to enclose
5. to lock, to lock up
6. to seal, to close (e.g. a deal, a breach, a rift)
7. to close up, to close off (e.g. a wound)
8. to close, to conclude, to end
9. (reflexive) to close (itself) (e.g., a store, a door)
10. (reflexive) to close off (oneself)
11. (linguistics) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    • 2018, Hortensia Martinez, Fonetica y fonología histórica, Apuntes de Fonética y Fonología Españolas‎^[1]:

      La /o/ a veces se cierra a /u/ por influencia de una /j/: cognatum>cuñado; cochleare>cuchara; dormiamus>durmamos

      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

• To specify that you mean to "lock" and not just "close" or "shut", include con llave following cerrar.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cerrar (e-ie alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			cerrar
gerund			cerrando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		cerrado		cerrada
		plural		cerrados		cerradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	cierro	cierrastú cerrásvos	cierra	cerramos	cerráis	cierran
	imperfect	cerraba	cerrabas	cerraba	cerrábamos	cerrabais	cerraban
	preterite	cerré	cerraste	cerró	cerramos	cerrasteis	cerraron
	future	cerraré	cerrarás	cerrará	cerraremos	cerraréis	cerrarán
	conditional	cerraría	cerrarías	cerraría	cerraríamos	cerraríais	cerrarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	cierre	cierrestú cerrésvos2	cierre	cerremos	cerréis	cierren
	imperfect (ra)	cerrara	cerraras	cerrara	cerráramos	cerrarais	cerraran
	imperfect (se)	cerrase	cerrases	cerrase	cerrásemos	cerraseis	cerrasen
	future1	cerrare	cerrares	cerrare	cerráremos	cerrareis	cerraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		cierratú cerrávos	cierre	cerremos	cerrad	cierren
	negative		no cierres	no cierre	no cerremos	no cerréis	no cierren

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of cerrar (e-ie alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive cerrar	dative	cerrarme	cerrarte	cerrarle, cerrarse	cerrarnos	cerraros	cerrarles, cerrarse
	accusative	cerrarme	cerrarte	cerrarlo, cerrarla, cerrarse	cerrarnos	cerraros	cerrarlos, cerrarlas, cerrarse
with gerund cerrando	dative	cerrándome	cerrándote	cerrándole, cerrándose	cerrándonos	cerrándoos	cerrándoles, cerrándose
	accusative	cerrándome	cerrándote	cerrándolo, cerrándola, cerrándose	cerrándonos	cerrándoos	cerrándolos, cerrándolas, cerrándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative cierra	dative	ciérrame	ciérrate	ciérrale	ciérranos	not used	ciérrales
	accusative	ciérrame	ciérrate	ciérralo, ciérrala	ciérranos	not used	ciérralos, ciérralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative cerrá	dative	cerrame	cerrate	cerrale	cerranos	not used	cerrales
	accusative	cerrame	cerrate	cerralo, cerrala	cerranos	not used	cerralos, cerralas
with formal second-person singular imperative cierre	dative	ciérreme	not used	ciérrele, ciérrese	ciérrenos	not used	ciérreles
	accusative	ciérreme	not used	ciérrelo, ciérrela, ciérrese	ciérrenos	not used	ciérrelos, ciérrelas
with first-person plural imperative cerremos	dative	not used	cerrémoste	cerrémosle	cerrémonos	cerrémoos	cerrémosles
	accusative	not used	cerrémoste	cerrémoslo, cerrémosla	cerrémonos	cerrémoos	cerrémoslos, cerrémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative cerrad	dative	cerradme	not used	cerradle	cerradnos	cerraos	cerradles
	accusative	cerradme	not used	cerradlo, cerradla	cerradnos	cerraos	cerradlos, cerradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative cierren	dative	ciérrenme	not used	ciérrenle	ciérrennos	not used	ciérrenles, ciérrense
	accusative	ciérrenme	not used	ciérrenlo, ciérrenla	ciérrennos	not used	ciérrenlos, ciérrenlas, ciérrense

Derived terms

• cerrado
• cerradura
• cerrajería
• cerrajero
• cerrar el juego
• cerrar el paso
• cerrar en falso
• cerrar filas
• cerrar la brecha (“to close or bridge the gap”)
• cerrar la cuenta
• cerrar la espita
• cerrar la marcha
• cerrar la plana
• cerrar los labios
• cerrar sesión
• cerrarse de campiña
• cerrarse en banda
• cerrarse en falso
• cerrarse las velaciones
• cerrazón
• cerrojo
• cierre
• descerrajadura
• descerrajar
• en un abrir y cerrar de ojos
• encerrar
• libro cerrado (“closed book”) (idiomatic)
• pregunta cerrada

 

Further reading

• “cerrar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10