cear

See also: cẽar

Galician

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Portuguese cear and Spanish cenar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/

Verb

cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)

1. to dine

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cear

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceo	ceas	cea	ceamos	ceades	cean
Imperfect	ceaba	ceabas	ceaba	ceabamos	ceabades	ceaban
Preterite	ceei	ceaches	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos	cearades	cearan
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
Conditional	cearía	cearías	cearía	ceariamos	ceariades	cearían
Subjunctive
Present	cee	cees	cee	ceemos	ceedes	ceen
Imperfect	cease	ceases	cease	ceásemos	ceásedes	ceasen
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Imperative
Affirmative		cea	cee	ceemos	ceade	ceen
Negative (non)		non cees	non cee	non ceemos	non ceedes	non ceen

    Reintegrated conjugation of cear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceio, ceo1	ceias, ceas1	ceia, cea1	ceamos	ceades, ceais	ceiam, ceam1
Imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceávamos	ceávades, ceáveis, ceávais1	ceavam
Preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceache1	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	ceárom, cearam
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	ceáramos	ceárades, ceáreis, ceárais1	cearam
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes, ceareis	cearám, cearão
Conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	cearíamos	cearíades, cearíeis, cearíais1	ceariam
Subjunctive
Present	ceie, cee1	ceies, cees1	ceie, cee1	ceemos	ceedes, ceeis	ceiem, ceem1
Imperfect	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes, ceásseis	ceassem
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Imperative
Affirmative		ceia, cea1	ceie, cee1	ceemos	ceade, ceai	ceiem, ceem1
Negative (nom)		nom ceies, nom cees1	nom ceie, nom cee1	nom ceemos	nom ceedes, nom ceeis	nom ceiem, nom ceem1

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• cea

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cear, from Latin zelāre (“to be jealous of”). Cognate with Portuguese zelar and Spanish celar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/

Verb

cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)

1. to be jealous of

   Synonym: celar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cear

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceo	ceas	cea	ceamos	ceades	cean
Imperfect	ceaba	ceabas	ceaba	ceabamos	ceabades	ceaban
Preterite	ceei	ceaches	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos	cearades	cearan
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
Conditional	cearía	cearías	cearía	ceariamos	ceariades	cearían
Subjunctive
Present	cee	cees	cee	ceemos	ceedes	ceen
Imperfect	cease	ceases	cease	ceásemos	ceásedes	ceasen
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Imperative
Affirmative		cea	cee	ceemos	ceade	ceen
Negative (non)		non cees	non cee	non ceemos	non ceedes	non ceen

    Reintegrated conjugation of cear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceio, ceo1	ceias, ceas1	ceia, cea1	ceamos	ceades, ceais	ceiam, ceam1
Imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceávamos	ceávades, ceáveis, ceávais1	ceavam
Preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceache1	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	ceárom, cearam
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	ceáramos	ceárades, ceáreis, ceárais1	cearam
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes, ceareis	cearám, cearão
Conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	cearíamos	cearíades, cearíeis, cearíais1	ceariam
Subjunctive
Present	ceie, cee1	ceies, cees1	ceie, cee1	ceemos	ceedes, ceeis	ceiem, ceem1
Imperfect	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes, ceásseis	ceassem
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Imperative
Affirmative		ceia, cea1	ceie, cee1	ceemos	ceade, ceai	ceiem, ceem1
Negative (nom)		nom ceies, nom cees1	nom ceie, nom cee1	nom ceemos	nom ceedes, nom ceeis	nom ceiem, nom ceem1

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• celar
• celo
• recear
• receo

Etymology 3

Unknown. Cognate with Portuguese ciar, Spanish ciar, Old Occitan siar.

Alternative forms

• ciar, zuiar, zuír

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seˈaɾ/

Verb

cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)

1. (nautical) to go astern; to backwater
2. to recede; to go backwards

   Synonyms: afastar, arredar, estear, recuar

   • 1807, anonymous author, Primeiro diálogo dos esterqueiros:

     A cada berro que daba
     ibame seando atrás
     p[o]r se acaso me encaixaba
     un sopapo da sua man:

     For each shout he gave
     I was moving back
     in case he encased me
     an uppercut of his hand

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cear

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceo	ceas	cea	ceamos	ceades	cean
Imperfect	ceaba	ceabas	ceaba	ceabamos	ceabades	ceaban
Preterite	ceei	ceaches	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos	cearades	cearan
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
Conditional	cearía	cearías	cearía	ceariamos	ceariades	cearían
Subjunctive
Present	cee	cees	cee	ceemos	ceedes	ceen
Imperfect	cease	ceases	cease	ceásemos	ceásedes	ceasen
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Imperative
Affirmative		cea	cee	ceemos	ceade	ceen
Negative (non)		non cees	non cee	non ceemos	non ceedes	non ceen

    Reintegrated conjugation of cear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceio, ceo1	ceias, ceas1	ceia, cea1	ceamos	ceades, ceais	ceiam, ceam1
Imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceávamos	ceávades, ceáveis, ceávais1	ceavam
Preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceache1	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	ceárom, cearam
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	ceáramos	ceárades, ceáreis, ceárais1	cearam
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes, ceareis	cearám, cearão
Conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	cearíamos	cearíades, cearíeis, cearíais1	ceariam
Subjunctive
Present	ceie, cee1	ceies, cees1	ceie, cee1	ceemos	ceedes, ceeis	ceiem, ceem1
Imperfect	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes, ceásseis	ceassem
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Imperative
Affirmative		ceia, cea1	ceie, cee1	ceemos	ceade, ceai	ceiem, ceem1
Negative (nom)		nom ceies, nom cees1	nom ceie, nom cee1	nom ceemos	nom ceedes, nom ceeis	nom ceiem, nom ceem1

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• ce
• ciaboga
• ciacú

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cear”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cear”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cear”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -aɾ

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin zelāre (“to be jealous of”)

Verb

cear

1. to be jealous of

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cear

infinitive		simple		cear
		compound		infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund		simple		ceando
		compound		gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		ceado		ceados
		feminine		ceada		ceadas
present participle				ceante		ceantes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	ceio1, ceo2	ceias1, ceas2	ceia1, cea2	ceamos	ceades	ceian
	imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceavamos, ceávamos	ceavades, ceávades	ceavan
	preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceasche, ceache	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
	pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos, ceáramos	cearades, ceárades	cearan
	future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
	conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	ceariamos, cearíamos	ceariades, cearíades	cearian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	ceie1, cee2	ceies1, cees2	ceie1, cee2	ceemos	ceedes	ceien
	preterite	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes	ceassen
	future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	ceia1, cea2	ceie1, cee2	ceemos	ceade	—
negative		—	non ceies1, non cees2	non ceie1, non cee2	non ceemos	non ceedes	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Descendants

• Galician: cear

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "cear₂"

Etymology 2

Verb

cear

1. Alternative form of cẽar (“to dine”)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cear

infinitive		simple		cear
		compound		infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund		simple		ceando
		compound		gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		ceado		ceados
		feminine		ceada		ceadas
present participle				ceante		ceantes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	ceio1, ceo2	ceias1, ceas2	ceia1, cea2	ceamos	ceades	ceian
	imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceavamos, ceávamos	ceavades, ceávades	ceavan
	preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceasche, ceache	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
	pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos, ceáramos	cearades, ceárades	cearan
	future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
	conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	ceariamos, cearíamos	ceariades, cearíades	cearian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	ceie1, cee2	ceies1, cees2	ceie1, cee2	ceemos	ceedes	ceien
	preterite	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes	ceassen
	future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	ceia1, cea2	ceie1, cee2	ceemos	ceade	—
negative		—	non ceies1, non cees2	non ceie1, non cee2	non ceemos	non ceedes	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar, from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Galician cear, Spanish cenar and Italian cenare.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(h)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(h)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ɾ)/, /siˈa(ɾ)/ [sɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(χ)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsjaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsjaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsja.ɾi/

• Homophones: ciar (Portugal), siar (Portugal)
• Hyphenation: ce‧ar

Verb

cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)

1. to have supper
2. to dine

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cear (e becomes ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceio	ceias	ceia	ceamos	ceais	ceiam
Imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceávamos	ceáveis	ceavam
Preterite	ceei	ceaste	ceou	ceamos1, ceámos2	ceastes	cearam
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	ceáramos	ceáreis	cearam
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	ceareis	cearão
Conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	cearíamos	cearíeis	ceariam
Subjunctive
Present	ceie	ceies	ceie	ceemos	ceeis	ceiem
Imperfect	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceásseis	ceassem
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Imperative
Affirmative		ceia	ceie	ceemos	ceai	ceiem
Negative (não)		não ceies	não ceie	não ceemos	não ceeis	não ceiem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• ceia