býti
Old Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byti.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]býti impf
- to be
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of býti (irregular)
| infinitive | supine | verbal noun |
|---|---|---|
| býti | byt | bytie |
| Present | Imperative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st person | jsem | jsvě (-va) | jsme (-my) | – | buďvě, buděvě (-va) | buďme, buděm (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | jsi | jsta | jste | buď, budi | buďta, buděta | buďte, buděte |
| 3rd person | jest, je | jsta | jsú | buď, budi | buďta, buděta | buďte, buděte |
| Sigmatic aorist | Imperfect | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st person | bych, běch | bychově, běchově (-va) | bychom, běchom (-me/-my) | biech, budiech | biechově, budiechově (-va) | biechom, budiechom (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | by, bě | bysta, běsta (-šta) | byste, běste (-šte) | bieše, budieše | biešta, budiešta (-sta) | biešte, budiešte (-ste) |
| 3rd person | by, bě | bysta, běsta (-šta) | bychu, běchu | bieše, budieše | biešta, budiešta (-sta) | biechu, budiechu |
| Conditional | Future | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| 1st person | bych | bychově (-va) | bychom (-me/-my) | budu | budevě (-va) | budem (-me/-my) |
| 2nd person | by | bysta | byste | budeš | budeta | budete |
| 3rd person | by | by, bysta | by, bychu | bude | budeta | budú |
| L-participle | Passive participle | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Masculine | byl | byla | byli | — | — | — |
| Feminine | byla | byle | byly | — | — | — |
| Neuter | bylo | byle | byla | — | — | — |
| Nt-participle | S-participle | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Masculine | jsa, buda | jsúce, budúce | byv | byvše | ||
| Feminine | jsúci, budúci | byvši | ||||
| Neuter | jsa, buda, jsúci, budúci | byv, byvši | ||||
Note: This table shows the most common forms of býti around the 13th/14th century. See also Appendix:Old Czech verbs and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Czech: být
Further reading
[edit]- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “býti”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
- Jan Gebauer (1903) “býti”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), volume 1, Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění, page 126
- Jan Gebauer (1886) “Tvaroslovné výklady a doklady ke slovesům třídy IV, VI a bezpříznakým. Kmeny praesentní bez příznaku.”, in Listy filologické a paedagogické, volume 13, Prague: Jednota českých filologů, Edvard Grégr, page 302
Old Norse
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Middle Low German bûte, büte[1] (or Middle Dutch[2]), possibly ultimately from Proto-Celtic *boudi (“profit, gains; victory”), perhaps via Old Dutch *būti.
Noun
[edit]Declension
[edit] Declension of býti (strong ija-stem)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Vries, Jan (1977) “býta”, in Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Old Norse Etymological Dictionary] (in German), 2nd revised edition, Leiden: Brill, page 68
- ^ van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010) “buit; buiten”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide][1] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 245-246
Categories:
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech verbs
- Old Czech imperfective verbs
- Old Czech irregular verbs
- Old Norse terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Old Norse terms derived from Middle Low German
- Old Norse terms borrowed from Middle Dutch
- Old Norse terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Norse terms derived from Old Dutch
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse nouns
- Old Norse neuter nouns
- Old Norse neuter ija-stem nouns