apancar

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese apancar (attested since the middle of the 15th century, used restricted to Galicia). By surface analysis, a- +‎ panca (“crowbar”) +‎ -ar. Compare Spanish apalancar and Portuguese espancar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /apaŋˈkaɾ/

Verb

apancar (first-person singular present apanco, first-person singular preterite apanquei, past participle apancado)

1. (transitive) to beat up

   Synonyms: bourar, mallar, zorregar

   • 1951, Aquilino Iglesias Alvariño, transl., Quinto Oracio Flacco. Canciós., page 108:

     Con brosas de ouro o Macedonio un día fendera portas de cidás e a os reises nemigos apancara

     With gold hatchets the Macedonian once cleaved the gates of cities and the enemy kings he beat up

2. (transitive) to prop, shore

   Synonyms: escorar, estear

Conjugation

    Conjugation of apancar (c-qu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	apancar
Personal	apancar	apancares	apancar	apancarmos	apancardes	apancaren
Gerund
	apancando
Past participle
Masculine	apancado			apancados
Feminine	apancada			apancadas
Indicative
Present	apanco	apancas	apanca	apancamos	apancades	apancan
Imperfect	apancaba	apancabas	apancaba	apancabamos	apancabades	apancaban
Preterite	apanquei	apancaches	apancou	apancamos	apancastes	apancaron
Pluperfect	apancara	apancaras	apancara	apancaramos	apancarades	apancaran
Future	apancarei	apancarás	apancará	apancaremos	apancaredes	apancarán
Conditional	apancaría	apancarías	apancaría	apancariamos	apancariades	apancarían
Subjunctive
Present	apanque	apanques	apanque	apanquemos	apanquedes	apanquen
Imperfect	apancase	apancases	apancase	apancásemos	apancásedes	apancasen
Future	apancar	apancares	apancar	apancarmos	apancardes	apancaren
Imperative
Affirmative		apanca	apanque	apanquemos	apancade	apanquen
Negative (non)		non apanques	non apanque	non apanquemos	non apanquedes	non apanquen

    Reintegrated conjugation of apancar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	apancar
Personal	apancar	apancares	apancar	apancarmos	apancardes	apancarem
Gerund
	apancando
Past participle
Masculine	apancado			apancados
Feminine	apancada			apancadas
Indicative
Present	apanco	apancas	apanca	apancamos	apancades, apancais	apancam
Imperfect	apancava	apancavas	apancava	apancávamos	apancávades, apancáveis, apancávais1	apancavam
Preterite	apanquei	apancaste, apancache1	apancou	apancamos	apancastes	apancárom, apancaram
Pluperfect	apancara	apancaras	apancara	apancáramos	apancárades, apancáreis, apancárais1	apancaram
Future	apancarei	apancarás	apancará	apancaremos	apancaredes, apancareis	apancarám, apancarão
Conditional	apancaria	apancarias	apancaria	apancaríamos	apancaríades, apancaríeis, apancaríais1	apancariam
Subjunctive
Present	apanque	apanques	apanque	apanquemos	apanquedes, apanqueis	apanquem
Imperfect	apancasse	apancasses	apancasse	apancássemos	apancássedes, apancásseis	apancassem
Future	apancar	apancares	apancar	apancarmos	apancardes	apancarem
Imperative
Affirmative		apanca	apanque	apanquemos	apancade, apancai	apanquem
Negative (nom)		nom apanques	nom apanque	nom apanquemos	nom apanquedes, nom apanqueis	nom apanquem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• panca
• pancada

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “apancar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “apancar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “apancar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “apancar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “apancar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “apancar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Attested since the middle of the 15th century. From a- +‎ panca (“crowbar”) +‎ -ar.

Verb

apancar

1. (transitive, Galicia) to beat up
   • 1448, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros, Vigo: Galaxia, page 295:

     Iten, Johán Cortido, vesiño da çidade d'Ourense, et sua ama diseron, por lo dito juramento que feito avyan, que omes de Aluaro de Taboa[da] que lle lleuaron e tomaron do seu lugar de Casa Noua sete mantas e hun alfamare e tres sabaas de cama et hun pano de cabeça et quatro toucas et hun sodario et viinte e duas maranas de fiado delgado et seys bincos de prata et huas doas de viinte pares de doas et hun leitón, por que lle dauan dosentos mrs, et seys sacos et dous coitellos de mesa et çen mrs vellos en diñeiros, et tres capilejos et dous vntos, et dous legóos nouos et hun espeto et hua fouçe et hun caldeiro de cobre et hun manto vermello et hua sabaa, e que todo lle tomaran e que a apancaran e que a encheran de couçes

     Item, Xoán Cortido, citizen of the city of Ourense, and his housekeeper, told, under the oath they'd done, that men of Álvaro de Taboada took from them and took in their place of Casa Nova: seven blankets, a quilt, three bedsheets, a cloth for the head, and four shawls and a shroud and twenty two skeins of thin yarn and six silver earrings and twenty pairs of beads and a sucking piglet, for which they would give two hundred maravedis, and six bags and two table knives and a hundred old maravedis in coins, and three coifs and two lards, and two new hoes and a roasting skewer and a sickle and a copper cauldron and a red robe and a sheet, and that all this they took and that they beat her up and filled her with kicks

Conjugation

    Conjugation of apancar

infinitive		simple		apancar
		compound		infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund		simple		apancando
		compound		gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		apancado		apancados
		feminine		apancada		apancadas
present participle				apancante		apancantes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	apanco	apancas	apanca	apancamos	apancades	apancan
	imperfect	apancava	apancavas	apancava	apancavamos, apancávamos	apancavades, apancávades	apancavan
	preterite	apanquei	apancaste, apancasche, apancache	apancou	apancamos	apancastes	apancaron
	pluperfect	apancara	apancaras	apancara	apancaramos, apancáramos	apancarades, apancárades	apancaran
	future	apancarei	apancarás	apancará	apancaremos	apancaredes	apancarán
	conditional	apancaria	apancarias	apancaria	apancariamos, apancaríamos	apancariades, apancaríades	apancarian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	apanque	apanques	apanque	apanquemos	apanquedes	apanquen
	preterite	apancasse	apancasses	apancasse	apancássemos	apancássedes	apancassen
	future	apancar	apancares	apancar	apancarmos	apancardes	apancaren
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	apanca	apanque	apanquemos	apancade	—
negative		—	non apanques	non apanque	non apanquemos	non apanquedes	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		apancar	apancares	apancar	apancarmos	apancardes	apanquaren
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Descendants

• Galician: apancar

References

• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “apancar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG