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alku

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *alku, equivalent to alkaa (to begin) +‎ -u.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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alku

  1. start, beginning, inception, incipience
  2. (in compounds) first, prime, primeval, primordial, proto-, initial
    elämän alkumuodotprimeval forms of life
    alkueläinprotozoan
    alkukustannusinitial cost

Declension

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Inflection of alku (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k- gradation)
nominative alku alut
genitive alun alkujen
partitive alkua alkuja
illative alkuun alkuihin
singular plural
nominative alku alut
accusative nom. alku alut
gen. alun
genitive alun alkujen
partitive alkua alkuja
inessive alussa aluissa
elative alusta aluista
illative alkuun alkuihin
adessive alulla aluilla
ablative alulta aluilta
allative alulle aluille
essive alkuna alkuina
translative aluksi aluiksi
abessive alutta aluitta
instructive aluin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of alku (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k- gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative alkuni alkuni
accusative nom. alkuni alkuni
gen. alkuni
genitive alkuni alkujeni
partitive alkuani alkujani
inessive alussani aluissani
elative alustani aluistani
illative alkuuni alkuihini
adessive alullani aluillani
ablative alultani aluiltani
allative alulleni aluilleni
essive alkunani alkuinani
translative alukseni aluikseni
abessive aluttani aluittani
instructive
comitative alkuineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative alkusi alkusi
accusative nom. alkusi alkusi
gen. alkusi
genitive alkusi alkujesi
partitive alkuasi alkujasi
inessive alussasi aluissasi
elative alustasi aluistasi
illative alkuusi alkuihisi
adessive alullasi aluillasi
ablative alultasi aluiltasi
allative alullesi aluillesi
essive alkunasi alkuinasi
translative aluksesi aluiksesi
abessive aluttasi aluittasi
instructive
comitative alkuinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative alkumme alkumme
accusative nom. alkumme alkumme
gen. alkumme
genitive alkumme alkujemme
partitive alkuamme alkujamme
inessive alussamme aluissamme
elative alustamme aluistamme
illative alkuumme alkuihimme
adessive alullamme aluillamme
ablative alultamme aluiltamme
allative alullemme aluillemme
essive alkunamme alkuinamme
translative aluksemme aluiksemme
abessive aluttamme aluittamme
instructive
comitative alkuinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative alkunne alkunne
accusative nom. alkunne alkunne
gen. alkunne
genitive alkunne alkujenne
partitive alkuanne alkujanne
inessive alussanne aluissanne
elative alustanne aluistanne
illative alkuunne alkuihinne
adessive alullanne aluillanne
ablative alultanne aluiltanne
allative alullenne aluillenne
essive alkunanne alkuinanne
translative aluksenne aluiksenne
abessive aluttanne aluittanne
instructive
comitative alkuinenne

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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Possibly from Proto-Ugric *alɜ- (add, fasten to, fit), in which case it is related to Hungarian alkalom (opportunity) and alkot (to create), and possibly also to Hungarian olt (to vaccinate).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈɒlku]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: al‧ku
  • Rhymes: -ku

Noun

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alku (plural alkuk)

  1. bargain, deal
    Áll az alku!It’s a deal!
  2. agreement, contract, treaty
    Synonyms: megállapodás, megegyezés
  3. negotiation, bargaining

Declension

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Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative alku alkuk
accusative alkut alkukat
dative alkunak alkuknak
instrumental alkuval alkukkal
causal-final alkuért alkukért
translative alkuvá alkukká
terminative alkuig alkukig
essive-formal alkuként alkukként
essive-modal
inessive alkuban alkukban
superessive alkun alkukon
adessive alkunál alkuknál
illative alkuba alkukba
sublative alkura alkukra
allative alkuhoz alkukhoz
elative alkuból alkukból
delative alkuról alkukról
ablative alkutól alkuktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular
alkué alkuké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
alkuéi alkukéi
Possessive forms of alku
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. alkum alkuim
2nd person sing. alkud alkuid
3rd person sing. alkuja alkui
1st person plural alkunk alkuink
2nd person plural alkutok alkuitok
3rd person plural alkujuk alkuik
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References

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  1. ^ Entry #1721 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Further reading

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  • alku in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • alku in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *alku, equivalent to alkaa (to begin) +‎ -u. Cognates include Finnish alku and Estonian alg.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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alku

  1. start, beginning
    • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 8:
      Vaa sanan alus. Keskeel sannaa kirjutettaa ts.
      Only in the beginning of a word. In the middle of a word ts is written.

Declension

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Declension of alku (type 4/koivu, k- gradation)
singular plural
nominative alku alut
genitive alun alkuin, alkuloin
partitive alkua alkuja, alkuloja
illative alkuu alkui, alkuloihe
inessive alus aluis, alkulois
elative alust aluist, alkuloist
allative alulle aluille, alkuloille
adessive alul aluil, alkuloil
ablative alult aluilt, alkuloilt
translative aluks aluiks, alkuloiks
essive alkunna, alkuun alkuinna, alkuloinna, alkuin, alkuloin
exessive1) alkunt alkuint, alkuloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

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References

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  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 11
  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 19

Votic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *alku.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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alku

  1. beginning

Inflection

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Declension of alku (type II/võrkko, k-g gradation)
singular plural
nominative alku algud
genitive algu alkujõ, alkui
partitive alkua alkuitõ, alkui
illative alkusõ, alku alkuisõ
inessive alguz alkuiz
elative algussõ alkuissõ
allative algulõ alkuilõ
adessive algullõ alkuillõ
ablative algultõ alkuiltõ
translative algussi alkuissi
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive.
***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

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  • Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “alku”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn