Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xoroščьnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *xorostь (“beauty, pleasantness; convenience”) +‎ *-ьnъ.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Obsolete and erroneous etymologies:

It was supposed to be an alleged diminutive of *xòrbrъ (“brave”), whence Old East Slavic хоробръ (xorobrŭ), Ukrainian хоро́брий (xoróbryj) and Russian хра́брый (xrábryj).^[5]^[4]^[6]^[3]
Borrowed from Old Ossetic, whence Iron Ossetian хорз (xorz, “good”), Digor Ossetian хуарз (xwarz), Jassic horz, ultimately from Proto-Iranian; compare also Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀- (xᵛar^əzišta-, “sweetest”).^[2]^[5]^[3]
Mistakenly considered^[5]^[3], derived from the name of the Slavic god *Xъrsъ, more precisely from the irregular form **Xorsъ + *-jь, which gave the adjective **xoršь > Old East Slavic хорошь (xorošĭ).^[6]^[4]

The origin is also mistakenly associated with Ukrainian га́рний (hárnyj, “beautiful; good”) or Proto-Slavic *xorniti, where Ukrainian хорони́ти (xoronýty) and Russian хорони́ть (xoronítʹ).^[5]^[3]

Adjective

*xoroščьnъ^[1]^[2]

(East Slavic) beautiful, handsome

Inflection

Indefinite declension of *xoroščьnъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xoroščьnъ	*xoroščьna	*xoroščьno
genitive	*xoroščьna	*xoroščьny	*xoroščьna
dative	*xoroščьnu	*xoroščьně	*xoroščьnu
accusative	*xoroščьnъ	*xoroščьnǫ	*xoroščьno
instrumental	*xoroščьnomь	*xoroščьnojǫ	*xoroščьnomь
locative	*xoroščьně	*xoroščьně	*xoroščьně
vocative	*xoroščьne	*xoroščьno	*xoroščьno
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xoroščьna	*xoroščьně	*xoroščьně
genitive	*xoroščьnu	*xoroščьnu	*xoroščьnu
dative	*xoroščьnoma	*xoroščьnama	*xoroščьnoma
accusative	*xoroščьna	*xoroščьně	*xoroščьně
instrumental	*xoroščьnoma	*xoroščьnama	*xoroščьnoma
locative	*xoroščьnu	*xoroščьnu	*xoroščьnu
vocative	*xoroščьna	*xoroščьně	*xoroščьně
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xoroščьni	*xoroščьny	*xoroščьna
genitive	*xoroščьnъ	*xoroščьnъ	*xoroščьnъ
dative	*xoroščьnomъ	*xoroščьnamъ	*xoroščьnomъ
accusative	*xoroščьny	*xoroščьny	*xoroščьna
instrumental	*xoroščьny	*xoroščьnami	*xoroščьny
locative	*xoroščьněxъ	*xoroščьnaxъ	*xoroščьněxъ
vocative	*xoroščьni	*xoroščьny	*xoroščьna

Definite declension of *xoroščьnъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xoroščьnъjь	*xoroščьnaja	*xoroščьnoje
genitive	*xoroščьnajego	*xoroščьnyję̇	*xoroščьnajego
dative	*xoroščьnujemu	*xoroščьněji	*xoroščьnujemu
accusative	*xoroščьnъjь	*xoroščьnǫjǫ	*xoroščьnoje
instrumental	*xoroščьnyjimь	*xoroščьnǫjǫ	*xoroščьnyjimь
locative	*xoroščьnějemь	*xoroščьněji	*xoroščьnějemь
vocative	*xoroščьnъjь	*xoroščьnaja	*xoroščьnoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xoroščьnaja	*xoroščьněji	*xoroščьněji
genitive	*xoroščьnuju	*xoroščьnuju	*xoroščьnuju
dative	*xoroščьnyjima	*xoroščьnyjima	*xoroščьnyjima
accusative	*xoroščьnaja	*xoroščьněji	*xoroščьněji
instrumental	*xoroščьnyjima	*xoroščьnyjima	*xoroščьnyjima
locative	*xoroščьnuju	*xoroščьnuju	*xoroščьnuju
vocative	*xoroščьnaja	*xoroščьněji	*xoroščьněji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*xoroščьniji	*xoroščьnyję̇	*xoroščьnaja
genitive	*xoroščьnъjixъ	*xoroščьnъjixъ	*xoroščьnъjixъ
dative	*xoroščьnyjimъ	*xoroščьnyjimъ	*xoroščьnyjimъ
accusative	*xoroščьnyję̇	*xoroščьnyję̇	*xoroščьnaja
instrumental	*xoroščьnyjimi	*xoroščьnyjimi	*xoroščьnyjimi
locative	*xoroščьnyjixъ	*xoroščьnyjixъ	*xoroščьnyjixъ
vocative	*xoroščьniji	*xoroščьnyję̇	*xoroščьnaja

Related terms

*xarъ (“gloomy, dark; dilapidated, shabby”)
- *xarati, *xariti
- *xarobylьje n, *xarobura f
- *xaropǫditi
*xorъ (“dark, black”)
- *xorxoriti (“to brag, show off; to be defiant”)
- *xorostь (“beauty, pleasantness; convenience”)
- *xorovitъ (“beautiful; kind, fine”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *хорощьнъ (*xoroščĭnŭ)
  - ⇒ Old East Slavic: хорошь (xorošĭ), хорошии (xorošii, “beautiful, handsome, well-groomed”) (13ᵗʰ c.)
    - Old Ruthenian: хоро́шїй (xoróšij), хоро́шый (xoróšyj, “beautiful, attractive; kind; good”)
      - Belarusian: харо́шы (xaróšy)
      - Ukrainian: хоро́ший (xoróšyj), (dialectal, short form) хорі́ш (xoríš), хоро́ш (xoróš)
    - Middle Russian: хоро́ший (xoróšij, “handsome; good”) (16-17ᵗʰ c.)
      - Russian: хоро́ший (xoróšij)
        Russenorsk: korosjo
    - ⇒ Old East Slavic: хорошавъ (xorošavŭ), хорошивъ (xorošivŭ) (14ᵗʰ c.)

Toponyms:

East Slavic:
- Russian: Хорошно (Xorošno, lake name)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xoroščьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 80
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “хороший”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 2: (Начать – Я), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 498: “*хорошчь(йь) ― *xoroščʹ(jʹ)”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “хороший”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 203
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Tsyhanenko, H. P. (1989) “хоро́ший”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Kyiv: Radjanska shkola, →ISBN, page 467
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 Vasmer, Max (1973) “хоро́ший”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 4 (Т – Ящур), Moscow: Progress, page 267
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “хоро́ший”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 352