Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/telh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*telh₂- (perfective)^[1]

to bear, to undergo, to endure

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *telh₂- (bear) (9 c, 0 e)

*télh₂-t ~ *tl̥h₂-ént (athematic root aorist)
*tl̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *tl̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)
*te-tólh₂-e ~ *te-tl̥h₂-ḗr (stative)
*tolh₂-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tuláyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tuláyati
    - Sanskrit: तुलयति (tuláyati), तोलयति (toláyati),
*tolh₂-es-eh₂-ye-ti
- Proto-Italic: *tolazāō
  - Latin: tolerō (see there for further descendants)
*tl̥h₂-éh₁-(ye)-ti (stative)
- Proto-Germanic: *þulāną (“to bear, to endure”) (see there for further descendants)
*tl̥h₂-ent-
- Proto-Hellenic: *tálanton
  - Ancient Greek: τάλαντον (tálanton)
*tol-meh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *tólmā
  - Ancient Greek: τόλμα (tólma)
*telh₂-mō
- Proto-Celtic: *talamū (“earth”)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τελαμών (telamṓn, “strap”), τλήμων (tlḗmōn) (< *tl̥h₂-m-)
*tl̥h₂-tó-s
*tl̥h₂-tó-m (“bridge, ford”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tílˀta
  - Latgalian: tylts
  - Latvian: til̃ts
  - Lithuanian: tìltas
  - → Proto-Finnic: *cilta
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - >? Sanskrit: तीर्थ (tīrthá)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: թողում (tʻołum) (possibly)
    - Armenian: թողնել (tʻoġnel), թողել (tʻoġel), թողուլ (tʻoġul) — Western Armenian
- Proto-Celtic: *tlātis
  - Proto-Brythonic: *tlọd
    - Middle Welsh: tlawt
      - Welsh: tlawd
  - Middle Irish: tláith
    - Irish: tláith
    - Scottish Gaelic: tlàth
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τάλας (tálas)
    - Ancient Greek: ταλαίπωρος (talaípōros)
    - Ancient Greek: ταλασίφρων (talasíphrōn)
  - Ancient Greek: Ἄτλας (Átlas) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:
  - ⇒ Latin: opitulor

Root

*telh₂-^[2]^[3]

ground, bottom. Possibly a derivative of *telh₂- "to bear" in the sense of that which bears, carries, supports.

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *telh₂- (ground) (5 c, 0 e)

*tl̥h₂-ó-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *tьlò (see there for further descendants)
*tolh₂-os
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *talˀa-
  - Old Prussian: talus (“floor”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *patalˀa-
    - Lithuanian: pãtalas (“bed”)
    - Proto-Slavic:
      - Russian: потоло́к (potolók, “ceiling”)
*telh₂-mō
- Proto-Celtic: *talamū (“earth”)
  - Old Irish: talam
    - Irish: talamh
    - Manx: thalloo
    - Scottish Gaelic: talamh
  - Gaulish: *talamon^[4]
    - → Latin: Talamone
    - → Latin: Talmun
      - French: Talmont
*tel(h₂)-nos ~ *tel(h₂)-nes-
- Proto-Italic: *telnos
  - Latin: tellūs (“earth”) (perhaps, and reshaped after rūs)
Unsorted formations:
- >? Old Armenian: թաղ (tʻał, “ward, district”), թաղեմ (tʻałem, “to bury”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: tìlės (“wooden floor in a boat”)
- Proto-Germanic: *þelą (“floor, deal (of plank)”)
- Proto-Germanic: *þiljǭ (“board, plank; floorboard”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tálas (“surface,bottom”)^[5]
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tálas
    - Sanskrit: तल (tála)
      - → Hindi: तल (tal)
      - Telugu: తలము (talamu)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 608–609
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1061
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “talu-, talamon-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 288
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 637

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 608–609

[3] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1061

[DLG-4] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “talu-, talamon-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 288

[5] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 637

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