Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þulāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, to undergo, to endure”).

Verb

*þulāną

1. to bear, to endure

Inflection

Conjugation of *þulāną (weak class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þulō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*þulaisi	?	*þulai	*þulāsai	?
3rd singular	*þulaiþi	?	*þulāþau	*þulāþai	?
1st dual	*þulōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þulāþiz	?	*þulāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þulāmaz	?	—	*þulānþai	?
2nd plural	*þulaiþ	?	*þulaiþ	*þulānþai	?
3rd plural	*þulānþi	?	*þulānþau	*þulānþai	?
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þuladǭ	*þuladēdį̄
2nd singular	*þuladēz	*þuladēdīz
3rd singular	*þuladē	*þuladēdī
1st dual	*þuladēdū	*þuladēdīw
2nd dual	*þuladēdudiz	*þuladēdīdiz
1st plural	*þuladēdum	*þuladēdīm
2nd plural	*þuladēdud	*þuladēdīd
3rd plural	*þuladēdun	*þuladēdīn
	present	past
participles	*þulāndz	*þuladaz

Related terms

• *þuldiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *þolēn, *þolōn
  • Old English: þolian
    • Middle English: þolien
      • Scots: thole
      • English: thole
  • Old Frisian: tholia
  • Old Saxon: tholōn, tholoian, tholian
    • Middle Low German: dōlen
    • ⇒ Middle Low German: dulden, dülden
      • German Low German: dülden
  • Old Dutch: tholon
    • Middle Dutch: dōlen
  • Old High German: dolēn, dolōn
    • Middle High German: doln
      • Alemannic German: tole
      • German: dolen
      • Luxembourgish: dëllen
    • ⇒ Old High German: dulten
      • Middle High German: dulden
        • German: dulden
• Old Norse: þola
  • Icelandic: þola
  • Faroese: tola
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: tola, tole
  • Norwegian: (dialectal) tøla, tålå, tølja
  • Elfdalian: tuolå
  • Old Swedish: þola, þula
    • Swedish: tåla
  • Scanian: tula
  • Old Danish: tholæ
    • Danish: tåle
      • Norwegian Bokmål: tåle
  • Gutnish: tule
• Gothic: 𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (þulan)