Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰers-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

An *-s- extension of *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).

Root

*dʰers-^[1]

to be bold, to dare

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰers- (11 c, 0 e)

*dʰr̥s-néw-ti ~ *dʰr̥s-nú-ti (néw-present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršnutei
  - Proto-Slavic: *dьrznǫti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šnáwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣnáwti
    - Sanskrit: धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇóti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *dr̥šnáwti
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬲𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (upadaržnuuaⁱṇti)
    - Old Persian: 𐎠𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎴𐎢𐏁 (adaršnauš)
*dʰe-dʰórs-e ~ *dʰe-dʰr̥s-ḗr (stative)
*dʰr-n̥-s-sḱe-ti (innovated nasal+sḱe-present)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: drį̃sti
*dʰérs-os
- Proto-Hellenic: *tʰérsos
  - Ancient Greek: θάρσος (thársos)
    Attic Greek: θάρρος (thárrhos)
    
    Aeolic Greek: θέρσος (thérsos)
    - Ancient Greek: θαρσέω (tharséō), θαρρέω (tharrhéō)
*dʰr̥s-tós
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥štás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣṭás
    - Sanskrit: धृष्ट (dhṛṣṭá)
*dʰr̥s-ús^[2]^[3]^[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *diršus
  - Latvian: dròšs, dròss
  - Lithuanian: drąsùs
  - Old Prussian: dyrsos, dirsos
  - Proto-Slavic: *dьrzъ (“bold”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *tʰrəsús
  - Ancient Greek: θρᾰσύς (thrăsús)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰr̥šúš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰr̥ṣúṣ
    - Sanskrit: धृषु (dhṛṣú)
*h₂en-dʰers-
- Proto-Albanian: *ən-darsa
  - Albanian: nder

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dьrzъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “drąsus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 136-137
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θάρσος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 534-535

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dьrzъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015) “drąsus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 136-137

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θάρσος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 534-535

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