धृष्णोति

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰr̥ṣṇáwti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰr̥šnáwti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-néw-ti, from *dʰers- (“to be bold, dare”). Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬲𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (upadaržnuuaⁱṇti), Ancient Greek θράσος (thrásos, “confidence, boldness, audacity”), Proto-Slavic *dьrznǫti (“to dare”), Old English durran (whence English dare).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dʱr̩ʂ.ɳɐ́w.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d̪ʱr̩ʂˈɳoː.t̪i/

Verb

धृष्णोति • (dhṛṣṇóti) third-singular indicative (class 5, type P, root धृष्)

1. to be bold or courageous or confident or proud
2. to dare or venture
3. to dare to attack, treat with indignity
4. to surpass
5. to offend, violate (a woman)
6. to overpower, overcome

Conjugation

Present: धृष्णोति (dhṛṣṇóti), धृष्णुते (dhṛṣṇuté)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	धृष्णोति dhṛṣṇóti	धृष्णुतः dhṛṣṇutáḥ	धृष्णुवन्ति dhṛṣṇuvánti	धृष्णुते dhṛṣṇuté	धृष्णुवाते dhṛṣṇuvā́te	धृष्णुवते dhṛṣṇuváte
Second	धृष्णोषि dhṛṣṇóṣi	धृष्णुथः dhṛṣṇutháḥ	धृष्णुथ dhṛṣṇuthá	धृष्णुषे dhṛṣṇuṣé	धृष्णुवाथे dhṛṣṇuvā́the	धृष्णुध्वे dhṛṣṇudhvé
First	धृष्णोमि dhṛṣṇómi	धृष्णुवः dhṛṣṇuváḥ	धृष्णुमः / धृष्णुमसि¹ dhṛṣṇumáḥ / dhṛṣṇumási¹	धृष्णुवे dhṛṣṇuvé	धृष्णुवहे dhṛṣṇuváhe	धृष्णुमहे dhṛṣṇumáhe
Imperative
Third	धृष्णोतु dhṛṣṇótu	धृष्णुताम् dhṛṣṇutā́m	धृष्णुवन्तु dhṛṣṇuvántu	धृष्णुताम् dhṛṣṇutā́m	धृष्णुवाताम् dhṛṣṇuvā́tām	धृष्णुवताम् dhṛṣṇuvátām
Second	धृष्णुहि dhṛṣṇuhí	धृष्णुतम् dhṛṣṇutám	धृष्णुत dhṛṣṇutá	धृष्णुष्व dhṛṣṇuṣvá	धृष्णुवाथाम् dhṛṣṇuvā́thām	धृष्णुध्वम् dhṛṣṇudhvám
First	धृष्णवानि dhṛṣṇávāni	धृष्णवाव dhṛṣṇávāva	धृष्णवाम dhṛṣṇávāma	धृष्णवै dhṛṣṇávai	धृष्णवावहै dhṛṣṇávāvahai	धृष्णवामहै dhṛṣṇávāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	धृष्णुयात् dhṛṣṇuyā́t	धृष्णुयाताम् dhṛṣṇuyā́tām	धृष्णुयुः dhṛṣṇuyúḥ	धृष्णुवीत dhṛṣṇuvītá	धृष्णुवीयाताम् dhṛṣṇuvīyā́tām	धृष्णुवीरन् dhṛṣṇuvīrán
Second	धृष्णुयाः dhṛṣṇuyā́ḥ	धृष्णुयातम् dhṛṣṇuyā́tam	धृष्णुयात dhṛṣṇuyā́ta	धृष्णुवीथाः dhṛṣṇuvīthā́ḥ	धृष्णुवीयाथाम् dhṛṣṇuvīyā́thām	धृष्णुवीध्वम् dhṛṣṇuvīdhvám
First	धृष्णुयाम् dhṛṣṇuyā́m	धृष्णुयाव dhṛṣṇuyā́va	धृष्णुयाम dhṛṣṇuyā́ma	धृष्णुवीय dhṛṣṇuvīyá	धृष्णुवीवहि dhṛṣṇuvīváhi	धृष्णुवीमहि dhṛṣṇuvīmáhi
Subjunctive
Third	धृष्णवत् / धृष्णवति dhṛṣṇávat / dhṛṣṇávati	धृष्णवतः dhṛṣṇávataḥ	धृष्णवन् dhṛṣṇávan	धृष्णवते / धृष्णवातै dhṛṣṇávate / dhṛṣṇávātai	धृष्णवैते dhṛṣṇávaite	धृष्णवन्त / धृष्णवान्तै dhṛṣṇávanta / dhṛṣṇávāntai
Second	धृष्णवः / धृष्णवसि dhṛṣṇávaḥ / dhṛṣṇávasi	धृष्णवथः dhṛṣṇávathaḥ	धृष्णवथ dhṛṣṇávatha	धृष्णवसे / धृष्णवासै dhṛṣṇávase / dhṛṣṇávāsai	धृष्णवैथे dhṛṣṇávaithe	धृष्णवध्वे / धृष्णवाध्वै dhṛṣṇávadhve / dhṛṣṇávādhvai
First	धृष्णवानि / धृष्णवा dhṛṣṇávāni / dhṛṣṇávā	धृष्णवाव dhṛṣṇávāva	धृष्णवाम dhṛṣṇávāma	धृष्णवै dhṛṣṇávai	धृष्णवावहै dhṛṣṇávāvahai	धृष्णवामहै dhṛṣṇávāmahai
Participles
	धृष्णुवत् dhṛṣṇuvát			धृष्णुवान dhṛṣṇuvāná
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अधृष्नोत् (ádhṛṣnot), अधृष्णुत (ádhṛṣṇuta)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अधृष्नोत् ádhṛṣnot	अधृष्णुताम् ádhṛṣṇutām	अधृष्णुवन् ádhṛṣṇuvan	अधृष्णुत ádhṛṣṇuta	अधृष्णुवाताम् ádhṛṣṇuvātām	अधृष्णुवत ádhṛṣṇuvata
Second	अधृष्नोः ádhṛṣnoḥ	अधृष्णुतम् ádhṛṣṇutam	अधृष्णुत ádhṛṣṇuta	अधृष्णुथाः ádhṛṣṇuthāḥ	अधृष्णुवाथाम् ádhṛṣṇuvāthām	अधृष्णुध्वम् ádhṛṣṇudhvam
First	अधृष्नवम् ádhṛṣnavam	अधृष्णुव ádhṛṣṇuva	अधृष्णुम ádhṛṣṇuma	अधृष्णुवि ádhṛṣṇuvi	अधृष्णुवहि ádhṛṣṇuvahi	अधृष्णुमहि ádhṛṣṇumahi

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “धृष्णोति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 519.