Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brōaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade intensive, Pre-Germanic *bʰroh₁-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brōaną

1. to singe, warm, brew

Inflection

Conjugation of *brōaną (strong class 7e)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brōō	*brōaų	—	*brōai	?
2nd singular	*brōizi	*brōaiz	*brō	*brōazai	*brōaizau
3rd singular	*brōidi	*brōai	*brōadau	*brōadai	*brōaidau
1st dual	*brōōz	*brōaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brōadiz	*brōaidiz	*brōadiz	—	—
1st plural	*brōamaz	*brōaim	—	*brōandai	*brōaindau
2nd plural	*brōid	*brōaid	*brōid	*brōandai	*brōaindau
3rd plural	*brōandi	*brōain	*brōandau	*brōandai	*brōaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bebrō	*bebrōį̄
2nd singular	*bebrōt	*bebrōīz
3rd singular	*bebrō	*bebrōī
1st dual	*bebrōū	*bebrōīw
2nd dual	*bebrōudiz	*bebrōīdiz
1st plural	*bebrōum	*bebrōīm
2nd plural	*bebrōud	*bebrōīd
3rd plural	*bebrōun	*bebrōīn
	present	past
participles	*brōandz	*brōanaz

Derived terms

• *brōduz

Related terms

• *brēaną

Descendants

The attested descendants are weak, but the Germanic verb was likely originally strong.

• Proto-West Germanic: *brōan
  • Old Frisian: *brōia
    • Saterland Frisian: broie
    • West Frisian: broeie
  • Old Saxon: *brōian
    • Middle Low German: broien, brogen, brugen
      • German Low German: breihen, breuhen
  • Old Dutch: *bruoien
    • Middle Dutch: broeyen
      • Dutch: broeien
        • Afrikaans: broei
      • → Old French: esbroer
        • French: ébrouer
  • Old High German: bruoen (in firbruoen)
    • Middle High German: brüejen, brüen
      • German: brühen
      • Luxembourgish: bréien
      • Yiddish: בריִען (brien)
  • → Vulgar Latin: *brōīre
    • Old French: bruir (see there for further descendants)
    • Piedmontese: broé, brové
• Crimean Gothic: broe

Further reading

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN