Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brewwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-, related to Ancient Greek ἀπέφρυσεν (apéphrusen, “brewed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrew.wɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brewwaną

1. to brew

Inflection

Conjugation of *brewwaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brewwō	*brewwaų	—	*brewwai	?
2nd singular	*briwwizi	*brewwaiz	*breww	*brewwazai	*brewwaizau
3rd singular	*briwwidi	*brewwai	*brewwadau	*brewwadai	*brewwaidau
1st dual	*brewwōz	*brewwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brewwadiz	*brewwaidiz	*brewwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*brewwamaz	*brewwaim	—	*brewwandai	*brewwaindau
2nd plural	*briwwid	*brewwaid	*briwwid	*brewwandai	*brewwaindau
3rd plural	*brewwandi	*brewwain	*brewwandau	*brewwandai	*brewwaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brau(w)	*bruwį̄
2nd singular	*brau(w)t	*bruwīz
3rd singular	*brau(w)	*bruwī
1st dual	*bruwū	*bruwīw
2nd dual	*bruwudiz	*bruwīdiz
1st plural	*bruwum	*bruwīm
2nd plural	*bruwud	*bruwīd
3rd plural	*bruwun	*bruwīn
	present	past
participles	*brewwandz	*bruwanaz

Related terms

• *bruþą
• *braudą (possibly)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *breuwan
  • Old English: brēowan
    • Middle English: brewen
      • Scots: brew
      • English: brew
  • Old Frisian: briūwa
    • North Frisian: bruwen
    • West Frisian: brouwe
    • Saterland Frisian: bjoue
  • Old Saxon: briuwan, breuwan
    • Middle Low German: bruwen, brouwen
      • Low German: bruen, bruggen, brauen, broen
  • Old Dutch: *breuwan, *briuwan
    • Middle Dutch: bruwen, brouwen
      • Dutch: brouwen
        • Afrikaans: brou
  • Old High German: briuwan
    • Middle High German: briuwen, brūwen
      • German: brauen
      • Luxembourgish: brauen
• Old Norse: *bryggja (strong verb) (attested in brugginn (past participle)); brugga (weak verb)
  • Icelandic: brugga
  • Faroese: bryggja
  • Middle Norwegian: bryggja
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: bryggja
  • Old Swedish: bryggia
    • Swedish: brygga
  • Danish: brygge
    • Norwegian Bokmål: brygge