𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝

Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *úd

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-

Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)

Proto-Indo-European *selǵ-

Sanskrit सृज् (sṛj)

Sanskrit उत्सृज् (utsṛj)

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tás

Sanskrit -त (-ta)

Sanskrit उत्सृष्ट (utsṛṣṭa)der.?

Prakrit 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa)

Uncertain. Sanskrit क्षोट् (kṣoṭ, “to throw”) and क्षोटयति (kṣoṭayati, “throws”) are likely Sanskritizations.^[1]^[2]

Tedesco derives the root as a back-formation from *𑀉𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝- (*uc-chuṭṭa-), from Sanskrit उत्सृष्ट (utsṛṣṭa, “let loose”), from उद्- (ud-, “upon”) +‎ सृष्ट (sṛṣṭa, “let go, discharged, thrown”).^[3] to be descended from the Prakrit root in the "release" sense, but leaves the origin of the "leave" sense open, explaining the pigeonholing of both meanings onto छोड़ (choṛ) as a case of secondary semantic leveling.

Adjective

𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa) (Devanagari छुट्ट) ^[4]^[5]

released
- c. 1140, Laksmaṇa Gaṇi, Supāsanāha Caria 407

Derived terms

𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀡 (chuṭṭaṇa)
*𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀓 (*chuṭṭa-ka)
- Gujarati: છૂટું (chūṭũ)
- Hindi: छुट्टा (chuṭṭā)
- Nepali: छुट्टो (chuṭṭo)
*𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀺𑀓𑀸 (*chuṭṭ-ikā)
- Assamese: ছুটি (suti, “leave”)
- Bengali: ছুটি (chuṭi, “leave, dismissal”)
- Gujarati: છુટ્ટી (chuṭṭī)
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: छुट्टी (chuṭṭī)
  - Urdu: چھُٹِّی (chuṭṭī)
- Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘳𑘘𑘲 (suṭī)
  - Marathi: सुट्टी (suṭṭī), सुटी (suṭī)
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਛੁੱਟੀ (chuṭṭī, “holiday, leave”)
  
  Shahmukhi script: چھُٹّی (chuṭṭī)
*𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀟 (*chuṭṭa-ḍa)
- Punjabi: ਛੁੱਟੜ (chuṭṭaṛ)

Related terms

𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (chuṭṭaï, “is released”), 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀤𑀺 (chuṭṭadi)
𑀔𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (khuṭṭa, “broken”)
𑀔𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (khuṭṭaï, “becomes less, is broken”)
𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (choḍei), 𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀤𑀺 (choḍedi) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: छूट (chūṭ)
  - Urdu: چُھوٹ (chūṭ)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Assamese: ছুট (sut)
- Bengali: ছুট (chuṭ)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: छुट (chuṭ)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi: ਛੁੱਟ (chuṭṭa)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: सूट (sūṭ)
→ Sanskrit: क्षोट् (kṣoṭ, “to throw”)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “KṢOṬ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 133
^ Monier Williams (1899) “क्षोट्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 333/2.
^ Tedesco, P[aul Maximilian] (1953) “Sanskrit ā-mreḍ- 'to Repeat'”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎^[2], volume 73, number 2, American Oriental Society, page 81b of 77–85
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “छुट्ट”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*kṣuṭyatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 193

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “KṢOṬ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 133

[2] Monier Williams (1899) “क्षोट्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 333/2.

[3] Tedesco, P[aul Maximilian] (1953) “Sanskrit ā-mreḍ- 'to Repeat'”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎^[2], volume 73, number 2, American Oriental Society, page 81b of 77–85

[4] Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “छुट्ट”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

[5] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*kṣuṭyatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 193

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