From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Proto-Indo-European *úd ( “ out, outward ” ) .
*ud- [ 1]
up , upwards , away , out of
Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ud-
Sanskrit: उद्- ( ud- , pref. )
Proto-Iranian: *uj- , *uc- ( < *udᶻ- , *utˢ- , generalized from the position before dentals )
Central Iranian:
Avestan: 𐬎𐬯- ( us- ) , 𐬎𐬰- ( uz- )
→ Iranian Persian: اس- ( os- , “ prefix as "ex-" in English ” ) ( revived prefix )
Northeastern Iranian:
Proto-Scythian: :
Proto-Ossetic: :
Ossetian: :
Digor Ossetian: ӕс- ( æs- ) , с- ( s- )
Iron Ossetian: ус- ( us- ) , ис- ( is- )
Proto-Saka-Wakhi: :
Old Khotanese: 𑀉𑀬𑀲- ( uyasa- /uys-/ )
Late Khotanese: 𑀅𑀬𑀲- ( ayasa- /ays-/ ) , 𑀇𑀬𑀲- ( iyasa- /iys-/ ) , 𑀏𑀬𑀲- ( eyasa- /eys-/ )
Wakhi: ( /zə-, zü-, z-/ )
Arabic script: زو- , زوْ- , ز-
Cyrillic script: зә- , зу- ( zu- ) , з- ( z- )
Latin script: zə- , zü- , z-
Sogdo-Bactrian:
Bactrian: ασ- ( as- /as-, *əs-/ )
Khwarezmian: اس- ( ʾs- /*as-, *əs-/ ) , س- ( s- /*sə/ )
Sogdian: ( /əs-, s-, əz-, z-/ )
Sogdian script: [script needed] ( ʾs- ) , [script needed] ( s- ) , [script needed] ( ʾz- ) , [script needed] ( z- )
Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘- ( ʾs- ) , 𐫘- ( s- ) , 𐫀𐫉- ( ʾz- ) , 𐫉- ( z- )
Syriac script: ܐܣ- ( ʾs- ) , ܣ- ( s- ) , ܐܙ- ( ʾz- ) , ܙ- ( z- )
Southeastern Iranian:
Northwestern Iranian:
Kurdish: /zi-/
Central Kurdish: ز- ( zi- /zi-/ )
Northern Kurdish: zi-
Southern Kurdish: ز- ( zi- /zi-/ )
Proto-Medo-Parthian:
Parthian: ( /iz-, is-/ )
Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫉- ( ʿz- ) , 𐫙𐫘- ( ʿs- )
→ Middle Persian: 𐫙𐫉- ( ʿz- /iz-/ ) ( in some verbs e.g., 𐫙𐫉𐫇𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫗 ( ʿzwʾrdn /izwārdan/ , “ to show ” ) )
Classical Persian: ز- ( zi )
Zazaki: zi- , zu-
Southwestern Iranian:
Old Persian: 𐎢𐎿- ( u-s- /us-/ ) , 𐎢𐏀- ( u-z- /uz-/ ) , 𐎢𐎭- ( u-d- /ud-/ )
Middle Persian: ( /uz-/ )
Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫇𐫉- ( ʾwz- )
Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] ( ʾwz- ) , [Book Pahlavi needed] ( tr=ʾwc- )
Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭦- ( ʾwz- )
Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮅𐮆- ( ʾwz- ) , 𐮀𐮅𐮏- ( ʾwc- )
Pazend script: 𐬎𐬰- ( uz- )
Classical Persian: ز- ( zu- ) , آز- ( āz- ) , از- ( az- )
Iranian Persian: ز- ( zo- , “ prefix as "ex-" in English ” ) ( revived prefix )
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001 ) “úd ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan ][1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 214