𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology

Prakrit verb set
𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀇 (uttaraï)
𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀭𑁂𑀇 (uttārei)

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *úd

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ud-

Sanskrit उद्- (ud-)

Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *tárHati

Sanskrit तर॑ति (tárati)

Sanskrit उत्त॑रति (úttarati)

Prakrit 𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀇 (uttaraï)

Inherited from Sanskrit उत्त॑रति (úttarati), from उद्- (ud-) + तर॑ति (tárati).

Wackernagel claims contamination from Sanskrit अवतरति (avatarati, “to descend, get down”) to explain the sense "get down" in descendants, but Turner finds this unnecessary since "cross over" > "get down" is plausible on its own.

Verb

𑀉𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀇 (uttaraï) (Devanagari उत्तरइ) (transitive, intransitive)

1. (transitive) to cross over
2. (intransitive) to exit, come out

Descendants

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Eastern Hindi:
    • Old Awadhi: उतरइ (utaraï)
  • Western Hindi:
    • Hindustani:
      • Hindi: उतरना (utarnā), ⇒ उतराना (utrānā)
      • Urdu: اُتَرْنَا (utarnā), ⇒ اُتْرَانَا (utrānā)
• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Bengali–Assamese:
    • Assamese: উতলিব (utolibo)
    • Bengali: উতরা (utora), উতুলা (utula), উতুলান (utulan)
  • Bihari:
    • Bhojpuri: उतरल (utᵊral)
    • Old Maithili: उतरइ (utᵊraɨ)
  • Odia: ଉତରିବା (utaribā)
• Insular Indo-Aryan:
  • Dhivehi: އުތުރެނީ (uturenī)
  • Sinhalese: උතුරනවා (uturanawā)
• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Central Pahari:
    • Garhwali: उतर्नु (utarnu)
    • Kumaoni: उतर्णो (utarṇo)
  • Eastern Pahari:
    • Nepali: उत्रनु (utranu)
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Jadgali: [script needed] (utarṇu)
  • Kachchi: ઔત્તારણું (auttārṇũ)
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਉੱਤਰਣਾ (uttarṇā)

    Shahmukhi script: اُتَّرݨَا (uttarṇā)

• Southern Indo-Aryan:
  • Old Marathi: 𑘄𑘝𑘨𑘜𑘹 (utaraṇe), 𑘄𑘝𑘿𑘝𑘨𑘜𑘹 (uttaraṇe)
    • Marathi: उतरणे (utarṇe)
• Western:
  • Old Gujarati:
    • Gujarati: ઉતરવું (utarvũ), ઊતરવું (ūtarvũ)
    • Old Marwari: उतरइ (utrai)