陛下

Chinese

		the steps to the throne	under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter
trad. (陛下)		陛	下
simp. #(陛下)		陛	下

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bìxià

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bai⁶ haa⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi-ha
• Eastern Min (BUC): bê-hâ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pē-hā

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bi⁶ ê⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bìxià
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bìsià
    • Wade–Giles: pi⁴-hsia⁴
    • Yale: bì-syà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihshiah
    • Palladius: бися (bisja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bai⁶ haa⁶
    • Yale: baih hah
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bai⁶ haa⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: bei⁶ ha⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐi̯²² haː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-ha
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi ha
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴ ha⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ ha⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bê-hâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴²⁻⁵³ ^(h-)ɑ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pē-hā
    • Tâi-lô: pē-hā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pexha
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pe²²⁻²¹ ha²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pe⁴¹⁻²² ha⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pe²²⁻²¹ ha²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pe³³⁻¹¹ ha³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe³³⁻²¹ ha³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bi⁶ ê⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pĭ ĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi³⁵⁻¹¹ e³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: bejX haeX

Rime
Character	陛	下
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	傍禮切	胡雅切
Baxter	bejX	haeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/beiX/	/ɦˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/beiX/	/ɦᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/bɛiX/	/ɣaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɛjX/	/ɦaɨX/
Li Rong	/beiX/	/ɣaX/
Wang Li	/bieiX/	/ɣaX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱieiX/	/ɣaX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì	xià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bai6	haa6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*biːʔ  ɡraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	下
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xià
Middle Chinese	‹ hæX ›
Old Chinese	/*ɡˁraʔ/
English	down
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	陛	下
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	506	13445
Phonetic component	比	下
Rime group	脂	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	陛	下
Old Chinese	/*biːʔ/	/*ɡraːʔ/

Noun

陛下

1. (honorific) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (陛下):

• → Japanese: 陛(へい)下(か) (heika)
• → Korean: 폐하(陛下) (pyeha)
• → Vietnamese: bệ hạ (陛下)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
陛	下
へい Grade: 6	か Grade: 1
kan'on

Etymology

Literary Chinese 陛下 (bìxià)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) へーか [héꜜèkà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [he̞ːka̠]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

陛(へい)下(か) • (heika) 

1. (rare, attributive) down the steps to the emperor's palace, looking up

   Coordinate terms: 閣下, 猊下, 殿下

2. (monarchy) Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty

   Coordinate terms: 閣下, 猊下, 殿下

   天(てん)皇(のう)陛(へい)下(か)

   Tennō Heika

   His Imperial Majesty the Emperor

   皇(こう)后(ごう)陛(へい)下(か)

   Kōgō Heika

   Her Imperial Majesty the Empress (Consort)

   天(てん)皇(のう)皇(こう)后(ごう)両(りょう)陛(へい)下(か)

   Tennō Kōgō Ryōheika

   Their Imperial Majesties the Emperor and Empress (Consort)

   女(じょ)王(おう)陛(へい)下(か)

   Jōu Heika

   Her Royal Majesty the Queen (Regnant)

   • 2004 May 1, Izawa, Hiroshi with Yamada, Kotaro, “第(だい)28話(わ)　揺(ゆ)れる王(おう)国(こく) [Chapter 28: The Kingdom Shaken]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, pages 150–151:

     勘(かん)違(ちが)いされては困(こま)る　貴(き)様(さま)のためになど戦(たたか)うつもりは毛(もう)頭(とう)ない！わしをつき動(うご)かすのは国王陛下(モルドレッド様)への忠(ちゅう)誠(せい)心(しん)のみ！

     Kanchigai sarete wa komaru Kisama no tame ni nado tatakau tsumori wa mōtō nai! Washi o tsukiugokasu no wa Kokuō Heika (Morudoreddo-sama) e no chūseishin nomi!

     Make no mistake, I have no intention of fighting for you! I am doing it only because I swore allegiance to His Majesty!

Korean

Hanja in this term
陛	下

Noun

陛下 • (pyeha) (hangeul 폐하)

1. hanja form^? of 폐하 (“Your Majesty”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
陛	下

Noun

陛下

1. chữ Hán form of bệ hạ (“Your Majesty”).