蜉蝣

Chinese

			Ephemera strigata
simp. and trad. (蜉蝣)		蜉	蝣
alternative forms		浮游浮蝣蜉蝤

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蜉蝣

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “looks like there's some sort of reduplication”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fúyóu

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fau⁴ jau⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hû-iû

(Teochew, Peng'im): pu⁵ iu⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fúyóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fúyóu
  - Wade–Giles: fu²-yu²
  - Yale: fú-yóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwuyou
  - Palladius: фую (fuju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ joʊ̯³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    浮游
    蜉蝣
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fau⁴ jau⁴
  - Yale: fàuh yàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fau⁴ jau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: feo⁴ yeo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐu̯²¹ jɐu̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hû-iû
  - Tâi-lô: hû-iû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hu'iuu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hu²⁴⁻²² iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hu²⁴⁻²² iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu¹³⁻²² iu¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu²⁴⁻¹¹ iu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²³⁻³³ iu²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pu⁵ iu⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû iû
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ iu⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: bjuw yuw

Rime
Character	蜉	蝣
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	縛謀切	以周切
Baxter	bjuw	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨu/	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/biu/	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/biəu/	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buw/	/juw/
Li Rong	/biu/	/iu/
Wang Li	/bĭəu/	/jĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯u/	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fóu	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau⁴	jau⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bu lu/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蜉
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[b](r)u/
English	mayfly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蜉	蝣
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3347	15547
Phonetic component	孚	斿
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	浮	猷
Old Chinese	/*bu/	/*lu/

Noun

蜉蝣

mayfly
- 蜉蝣之羽、衣裳楚楚。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Fúyóu zhī yǔ, yīshang chǔchǔ. [Pinyin]
  The wings of the ephemera, are robes, bright and splendid.
- 飲而不食者，蟬也；不飲不食者，蜉蝣也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  饮而不食者，蝉也；不饮不食者，蜉蝣也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Yǐn ér bùshí zhě, chán yě; bùyǐn bùshí zhě, fúyóu yě. [Pinyin]
  That which drinks but does not eat is the cicada. That which neither drinks nor eats is the mayfly.

Synonyms

(Hakka) 白翼仔

Derived terms

蜉蝣在世 (fúyóu zàishì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (蜉蝣):

→ Japanese: 蜉(ふ)蝣(ゆう) (fuyū)
→ Vietnamese: phù du (蜉蝣)

Japanese

蜉蝣 on Japanese Wikipedia

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蜉	蝣
かげろう
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
jukujikun

Alternative spelling
蜻蛉 (obsolete)

Change in meaning from 陽炎 (kagerō, “heat haze, heat shimmer”), from the way that the insects fly in swarms that visually resemble heat haze.^[1] The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 蜉蝣 (fúyóu).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéꜜròò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) かげろー [kàgéróó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡe̞ɾo̞ː]

Noun

蜉蝣(かげろう) or 蜉蝣(カゲロウ) • (kagerō) ^{←かげろふ (kagerofu)^?}

a mayfly
Synonym: 朝顔 (asagao)
(obsolete) Synonym of 蜻蛉 (tonbo, “dragonfly”)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カゲロウ.

Idioms

蜉蝣(かげろう)の命(いのち) (kagerō no inochi): “a mayfly's life” → a metaphor for a short life

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蜉	蝣
かぎろう
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
irregular

Alternative spelling
蜻蛉

Change in meaning from 陽炎 (kagirō, “heat haze, heat shimmer”), from the way that the insects fly in swarms that visually resemble heat haze.^[1]

Obsolete reading.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡʲiɾo̞ː]

Noun

蜉蝣(かぎろう) • (kagirō) ^{←かぎろふ (kagirofu)^?}

(obsolete) Synonym of 蜻蛉 (tonbo, “dragonfly”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蜉	蝣
ふ Hyōgai	ゆう Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 蜉蝣 (MC bjuw yuw). Compare Mandarin 蜉蝣 (fúyóu), Vietnamese phù du.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ふゆう [fùyúú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
(Tokyo) ふゆう [fúꜜyùù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟jɯ̟ː]

Noun

蜉(ふ)蝣(ゆう) • (fuyū) ^{←ふいう (fuiu)^?}

a mayfly
(by extension) ephemerality (from the way that mayflies are born and die within a day)

Idioms

蜉(ふ)蝣(ゆう)の一(いち)期(ご) (fuyū no ichigo): “a mayfly's life” → a metaphor for a short life

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “蜉蝣・蜻蛉”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
蜉	蝣

Noun

蜉蝣

chữ Hán form of phù du (“mayfly”).

Adjective

蜉蝣

chữ Hán form of phù du (“ephemeral”).

[NKD-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “蜉蝣・蜻蛉”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 3.0 ^3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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[2]

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