蒲輪

Chinese

		calamus	wheel; gear; (by) turn wheel; gear; (by) turn; rotate
trad. (蒲輪)		蒲	輪
simp. (蒲轮)		蒲	轮

Etymology

蒲 (pú) is the name of one or several kinds of wetland plants with fibrous leaves suitable for making mats and cushions. The fibres can also be applied to wheels as padding in order to reduce jolting of the carriage and minimise disturbances. Suitable for the aged, such a carriage is sent by the monarch as a sign of reverence when the service of a senior is recruited.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): púlún

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: púlún
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: púlún
  - Wade–Giles: pʻu²-lun²
  - Yale: pú-lwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pwuluen
  - Palladius: пулунь (pulunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵ lu̯ən³⁵/

Middle Chinese: bu lwin

Rime
Character	蒲	輪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	諄 (47)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	薄胡切	力迍切
Baxter	bu	lwin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buo/	/liuɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/buo/	/lʷin/
Shao Rongfen	/bo/	/ljuen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bɔ/	/lwin/
Li Rong	/bo/	/liuĕn/
Wang Li	/bu/	/lĭuĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuo/	/li̯uĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pú	lún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pou⁴	leon⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤa [r]u[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*baː run/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蒲	輪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pú	lún
Middle Chinese	‹ bu ›	‹ lwin ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁa/	/*[r]u[n]/
English	part of personal name	wheel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蒲	輪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3441	8663
Phonetic component	甫	侖
Rime group	魚	文
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	酺	淪
Old Chinese	/*baː/	/*run/

Noun

蒲輪

(archaic, historical, metonymically) horse-drawn carriage with cushioned wheels; quiet and comfortable carriage
- 武帝自為太子聞乘名。及即位，乘年老，乃以安車蒲輪徵乘，道死。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  武帝自为太子闻乘名。及即位，乘年老，乃以安车蒲轮征乘，道死。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Wǔdì zì wéi tàizǐ wén Shèng míng. Jí jíwèi, Shèng niánlǎo, nǎi yǐ ānchē púlún zhēng Shèng, dào sǐ. [Pinyin]
  Emperor Wu had heard Mei Sheng's reputation when he was still the Crown Prince. By the time he ascended the throne, Sheng was already old. Thus the Emperor sent for Sheng using a comfortable carriage with cushioned wheels, but he died en route.