舅

舅	U+8205, 舅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8205

Translingual

Han character

舅 (Kangxi radical 134, 臼+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹難田大尸 (HXWKS), four-corner 7742₇, composition ⿱臼男)

Derived characters

𡀭, 𭒥, 𬄵, 𧒺

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1004, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30208
Dae Jaweon: page 1460, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3040, character 3
Unihan data for U+8205

Chinese

simp. and trad.		舅
alternative forms		𦥶𦦊𤽲𠢎𤰧𦥶𦦊𤽲𠢎𤰧旧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 舅
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
臼	*ɡuʔ
齨	*ɡuʔ
桕	*ɡuʔ
舅	*ɡuʔ
舊	*ɡʷɯs
匶	*ɡʷɯs
閰	*kuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡuʔ) : phonetic 臼 (OC *ɡuʔ) + semantic 男 (“male; man”).

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”); compare Tibetan ཨ་ཁུ (a khu), ཁུ་བོ (khu bo, “father's brother”), Burmese အစ်ကို (ackui, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 2017d; STEDT). Possibly related to 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “old; ancient”), 昆 (OC *kuːn, “elder brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiù (jiu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiu⁴

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җю (ži͡u, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kau⁵

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kiu⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): qiu⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khiû

(Hailu, HRS): kiu^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): kiu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jiou³
Northern Min (KCR): giū
Eastern Min (BUC): gêu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kū / kǔ / kiū / kiǔ

(Teochew, Peng'im): gu⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jieu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jiou⁵ / jiou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiòu
  - Wade–Giles: chiu⁴
  - Yale: jyòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiow
  - Palladius: цзю (czju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jiu⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiəu²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җю (ži͡u, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiou⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kau⁵
  - Yale: káuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: keo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kiu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiu²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qiu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiu¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiû
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯u²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiu^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰiu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰiu⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jiou³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: giū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiu⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gêu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛu²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kū
  - Tâi-lô: kū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ku
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ku³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ku²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔ
  - Tâi-lô: kǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ku²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiū
  - Tâi-lô: kiū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiu²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiu³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǔ
  - Tâi-lô: kiǔ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu²²/

Note:

kū/kǔ - vernacular;
kiū/kiǔ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gu⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku³⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶jieu
  - MiniDict: jieu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑiɤ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jiou⁵ / jiou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯əu̯²¹/, /t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴⁵/

Note:

jiou5 - vernacular;
jiou4 - literary.

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 舅
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕiou⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiou²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕiou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiəu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiəu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕiəu¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕiəu²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiəu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕiəɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiəu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑiɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiø¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑau³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕiu³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiu²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiəu⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiəu¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑiəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiu⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰiu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɐu²³/
	Nanning	/kʰɐu²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/kʰɐu¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kiu²²/ /ku²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kiɛu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kiu⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ku³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ku³³/ /ku³¹/

Middle Chinese: gjuwX

Rime
Character	舅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其九切
Baxter	gjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/guw^X/
Li Rong	/ɡiu^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭəu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)uʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	舅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiù
Middle Chinese	‹ gjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)uʔ/
English	mother"s brother
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	舅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6980
Phonetic component	臼
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	舅
Old Chinese	/*ɡuʔ/

Definitions

舅

maternal uncle (mother's brother)
brother-in-law (wife's brother)
^† father-in-law (wife's father or husband's father)
^† feudal prince of a different surname (to an emperor)
^† official of a different surname (to a feudal prince)
a surname
(Taiwan, biology) used in species names to indicate naming after a similar species
苦楝舅 ― kǔliànjiù ― Koelreuteria elegans, a tree that resembles Melia azedarach (苦楝)

鼠麴舅／鼠曲舅 ― shǔqūjiù ― Gamochaeta purpureum, a herb that resembles Pseudognaphalium affine (鼠麴草)

欖仁舅／榄仁舅 ― lǎnrénjiù ― Neonauclea reticulata, a tree that resembles Terminalia catappa (欖仁)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 舅父 (“maternal uncle (mother's brother)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		母舅, 舅
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		舅父
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	舅舅
	Taiwan	舅舅
	Harbin	舅, 舅舅
	Shenyang	舅舅
	Singapore	舅舅
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	舅舅
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	舅
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	舅, 舅舅
	Wanrong	舅
	Zhengzhou	舅
	Xi'an	舅
	Xining	阿舅, 舅舅
	Xuzhou	舅爺, 舅舅, 舅
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	舅舅
	Lanzhou	阿舅
	Ürümqi	舅舅
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	舅舅
	Wuhan	舅爺, 舅伯 >, 舅舅 <
	Guiyang	舅舅, 舅, 舅爺
	Kunming	舅爹 >, 舅爺 <
	Guilin	舅
	Liuzhou	舅, 阿舅, 舅爹 >
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	舅舅
	Yangzhou	舅舅
	Hefei	舅舅
Cantonese	Guangzhou	舅父
	Hong Kong	舅父
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	大舅, 阿舅
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	舅父, 阿舅
	Macau	舅父
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	舅父
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	舅父仔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	舅
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	阿舅, 舅父
	Foshan	舅父
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	舅父
	Foshan (Shunde)	舅父
	Foshan (Sanshui)	大舅父 >, 舅父 <
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	舅父
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	舅父
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	舅父
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	舅父
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	舅父
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	舅父 >, 舅 <
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	舅父 >, 阿舅 <
	Taishan	舅, 大舅 >, 阿舅 <
	Kaiping (Chikan)	阿舅
	Enping (Niujiang)	阿舅
	Heshan (Yayao)	舅父
	Dongguan	阿舅, 母舅, 舅父 <>, 大舅 >, 舅仔 <,<>
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	阿舅
	Shaoguan	舅父
	Yunfu	舅父
	Yangjiang	阿舅
	Xinyi	舅父
	Lianjiang	舅爹 >, 舅父 <, 阿舅 <, 舅仔 <
	Nanning	舅父, 阿父, 舅爺 >
	Wuzhou	舅父
	Yulin	舅爺, 舅公, 大舅龍
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	舅公
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	舅父
	Singapore (Guangfu)	舅父
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	舅父
Gan	Nanchang	母舅, 舅舅
	Lichuan	母舅
	Pingxiang	舅爺, 舅老爺
Hakka	Meixian	阿舅
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	舅公 >, 阿舅 <
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	大舅 >, 舅仔 <
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	大舅 >, 舅仔 <
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	大舅 >, 舅仔 <
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	阿舅, 舅仔 <
	Changting	舅舅
	Wuping	舅舅
	Ninghua	舅舅
	Yudu	舅舅, 母舅 <>, 母舅公 <>
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	阿舅, 母舅
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	阿舅, 母舅
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	阿舅, 母舅
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	阿舅, 母舅
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	阿舅, 母舅
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	阿舅, 母舅
	Hong Kong	阿舅, 大舅 >, 舅仔 <
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	舅公
	Sabah (Longchuan)	阿舅
	Senai (Huiyang)	阿舅
	Singkawang	阿舅
Huizhou	Jixi	娘舅 <>, 舅舅 ><
	Shexian	舅舅
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	舅爺
Jin	Taiyuan	舅舅
Jin	Xinzhou	舅舅 <>, 舅舅啊 ><
Northern Min	Jian'ou	舅舅
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	娘舅 <>, 依舅 ><
	Fuqing	母舅 <>, 舅 ><, 阿舅 ><
	Matsu	依舅
Southern Min	Xiamen	母舅 <>, 阿舅 ><
	Quanzhou	母舅 <>, 阿舅 ><
	Zhangzhou	母舅 <>, 阿舅 ><
	Taipei	阿舅
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	阿舅
	Kaohsiung	阿舅
	Yilan	阿舅
	Changhua (Lukang)	阿舅, 母舅
	Taichung	阿舅, 母舅
	Taichung (Wuqi)	阿舅
	Tainan	阿舅
	Taitung	阿舅
	Hsinchu	阿舅
	Kinmen	阿舅
	Penghu (Magong)	阿舅
	Penang (Hokkien)	阿舅, 舅
	Singapore (Hokkien)	阿舅, 母舅 <>
	Manila (Hokkien)	阿舅
	Chaozhou	阿舅
	Shantou	阿舅, 舅
	Haifeng	舅
	Bangkok (Teochew)	阿舅
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿舅
	Singapore (Teochew)	阿舅
	Leizhou	舅翁, 尼翁 >,<>, 翁 >,><, 尼舅 <,<>, 舅 <,><
	Wenchang	舅爹
	Haikou	舅爹 <, 伯爹 >
	Qionghai	舅爹 <, 伯爹 >
Puxian Min	Putian	阿舅
Puxian Min	Xianyou	阿舅
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	母舅
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	舅爺
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	舅
Wu	Shanghai	娘舅, 舅舅
	Shanghai (Chongming)	娘舅
	Suzhou	娘舅, 舅舅
	Danyang	娘舅, 舅爹 >, 舅舅 <
	Hangzhou	娘舅
	Ningbo	娘舅, 阿舅, 舅舅
	Wenzhou	舅舅, 娘舅 <>
	Jinhua	娘舅 <>, 舅舅 ><
Xiang	Changsha	舅舅, 老舅 <>
	Loudi	舅舅
	Shuangfeng	舅基, 舅舅
	Hengyang	舅爺
	Quanzhou	舅爺, 舅舅
Note	> - mother's elder brother; < - mother's younger brother; >< - face-to-face; <> - non-face-to-face

Compounds

References

“舅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

舅

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)
Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
Kun: しゅうと (shūto, 舅)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
舅
しひと Hyōgai
irregular

/sihi1to2/: [shipitwo] → [shiɸitwo] → [shiɸito]. See next entry.

Noun

舅(しひと) • (shihito)

a father-in-law

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
舅
しゅうと Hyōgai
kun'yomi

From shihito: [shipitwo] → [shiɸitwo] → [shiɸito] → [shiɸuto] → [shiwuto] → [shiuto] → [shuːto].

Noun

舅(しゅうと) • (shūto) ^{←しうと (siuto)^?}

a father-in-law

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ku]
Phonetic hangul: [구]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

舅

Wikisource

舅 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

舅: Hán Việt readings: cữu
舅: Nôm readings: cậu, cữu

Nôm form of cậu (“maternal uncle, young male master, younger male stranger”).