白酒

Chinese

		white	alcoholic drink
trad. (白酒)		白	酒
simp. #(白酒)		白	酒
2nd round simp.		白氿

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): báijiǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): be² jiu³

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): be̊qjiǔ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baak⁶ zau²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pha̍k-chiú
• Northern Min (KCR): bā-ciǔ
• Eastern Min (BUC): băh-ciū
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ba² ziu³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍h-chiú / pe̍eh-chiú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁸ ziu²

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): biak⁶ zau²
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸baq-cieu₅
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): be⁶ ziou³

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): be⁶ jiu³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: báijiǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: báijiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: pai²-chiu³
    • Yale: bái-jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairjeou
    • Palladius: байцзю (bajczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: be² jiu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: begiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛ²¹ t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: be̊qjiǔ
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): beq⁵ jiu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pəʔ⁵ t͡ɕiəɯ¹¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: baak⁶ zau²
    • Yale: baahk jáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁹ dzau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bag⁶ zeo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚² t͡sɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha̍k-chiú
    • Hakka Romanization System: pag jiu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pag⁶ jiu³
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ t͡si̯u³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bā-ciǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa⁵⁵ t͡siu²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: băh-ciū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paʔ⁵⁻³³ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ba² ziu³ [Phonetic: ba⁵ liu³]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ba̍h-ciû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa¹³⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)liu⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ba² ziu³ [Phonetic: ba⁵ liu³]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa¹³⁻²¹ ^(t͡s-)liu³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-chiú
    • Tâi-lô: pe̍h-tsiú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peqciuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡siu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡siu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍eh-chiú
    • Tâi-lô: pe̍eh-tsiú
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡siu⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bêh⁸ ziu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pe̍h tsiú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ⁴⁻² t͡siu⁵²/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: biak⁶ zau²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piɐk̚²² t͡səu³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸baq-cieu₅
    • MiniDict: bah^入 cieu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵baq-jieu₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /baʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɤ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: be⁶ ziou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /pɤ̞²⁴ t͡si̯əu̯⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /pɤ̞²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: be⁶ jiu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pe²² t͡ɕi̯u³³/

Noun

白酒

1. baijiu (distilled liquor)

   公認口感好的白酒 [MSC, trad.]
   公认口感好的白酒 [MSC, simp.]

   gōngrèn kǒugǎn hǎo de báijiǔ [Pinyin]

   widely enjoyed baijiu

2. white wine
3. (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Jian'ou Northern Min) jiuniang

Usage notes

To distinguish baijiu from white wine, white wine can be called 白葡萄酒 (báipútáojiǔ).

Synonyms

• (baijiu):

Dialectal synonyms of 白酒 (“baijiu”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		白酒, 燒酒
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	白酒, 白乾兒
	Chengde	白酒
	Chifeng	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	白酒
	Heihe	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Qiqihar	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Harbin	白酒, 燒酒, 老白乾兒
	Jiamusi	白酒, 燒酒
	Baicheng	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Changchun	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Tonghua	白乾兒, 燒酒
	Shenyang	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Jinzhou	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	白酒
	Tangshan	白酒, 白乾兒
	Cangzhou	白酒, 白乾兒
	Baoding	白酒, 老白乾兒
	Shijiazhuang	白酒
	Lijin	白酒, 燒酒
	Jinan	白酒, 辣酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	燒酒
	Dandong	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Yantai	燒酒
	Yantai (Muping)	白酒, 燒酒, 白乾兒
	Qingdao	白酒, 燒酒
	Zhucheng	燒酒
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	白乾兒
	Jining	白酒, 白乾兒
	Wanrong	白酒, 燒酒
	Linfen	白酒, 燒酒
	Shangqiu	白酒, 辣酒
	Yuanyang	白酒, 辣酒
	Zhengzhou	辣酒
	Xinyang	辣酒
	Baihe	白酒, 白乾兒
	Xi'an	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Baoji	白酒, 燒酒, 辣酒
	Tianshui	燒酒
	Xining	燒酒, 白乾兒
	Xuzhou	白酒, 白乾兒
	Fuyang	白酒, 燒酒
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Lanzhou	燒酒
	Dunhuang	燒酒
	Hami	燒酒
	Ürümqi	燒酒, 白酒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	白酒, 跟頭酒, 燒酒, 白乾兒, 乾酒
	Nanchong	白酒
	Dazhou	白酒, 燒酒
	Hanyuan	燒酒
	Xichang	白酒, 燒酒
	Zigong	白酒
	Chongqing	白酒, 白乾兒, 乾酒, 燒酒
	Wuhan	白酒, 白乾, 燒酒
	Yichang	白酒
	Xiangyang	白酒, 燒酒
	Tianmen	白酒, 辣酒
	Guiyang	白酒, 燒酒
	Zunyi	白酒
	Bijie	燒酒
	Zhaotong	白酒
	Dali	白酒
	Kunming	白酒, 燒酒
	Mengzi	白酒
	Guilin	白酒
	Liuzhou	白酒, 燒酒
	Jishou	白酒, 燒酒
	Changde	白酒
	Hanzhong	白酒
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Yangzhou	白酒, 辣酒, 麻酒, 高粱酒
	Lianyungang	白酒, 白乾
	Lianshui	辣酒
	Nantong	燒酒
	Anqing	白酒
	Wuhu	白酒, 燒酒
	Hefei	白酒, 燒酒
	Hong'an	白酒, 燒酒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	燒酒, 白酒
	Hong Kong	燒酒, 白酒
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	白酒
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	米酒
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	燒酒
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	燒酒
	Macau	燒酒
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	燒酒
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	燒酒
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	燒酒, 白酒
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	燒酒
	Foshan	燒酒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	燒酒
	Foshan (Shunde)	燒酒
	Foshan (Sanshui)	燒酒
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	燒酒
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	燒酒
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	燒酒
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	燒酒
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	燒酒
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	燒酒
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	燒酒
	Taishan	燒酒
	Kaiping (Chikan)	燒酒
	Enping (Niujiang)	燒酒
	Heshan (Yayao)	燒酒
	Dongguan	燒酒
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	燒酒
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	白酒, 燒酒
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	燒酒
Gan	Nanchang	燒酒, 高粱酒
	Lichuan	燒酒
	Pingxiang	燒酒, 白酒
Hakka	Meixian	飶酒
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	燒酒
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	燒酒
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	燒酒
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	白酒
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	燒酒
	Yudu	白酒, 燒酒
	Hong Kong	白酒
	Senai (Huiyang)	燒酒
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	白酒
Huizhou	Jixi	燒酒, 白酒
	Shexian	白酒, 燒酒
Jin	Taiyuan	燒酒
	Yangyuan	白酒, 燒酒
	Datong	燒酒
	Xinzhou	白酒, 燒酒
	Lüliang (Lishi)	白酒, 燒酒
	Changzhi	白酒, 燒酒
	Linhe	白酒, 燒酒, 白乾兒
	Jining	白酒, 燒酒
	Hohhot	白酒, 燒酒
	Erenhot	白酒, 白乾兒, 辣酒
	Pingshan	白酒, 燒酒
	Zhangjiakou	白酒, 燒酒
	Handan	白酒, 老白乾兒, 燒酒
	Linzhou	白酒, 白乾兒, 辣酒, 燒酒
	Suide	燒酒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	燒酒
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	燒酒
Southern Min	Xiamen	燒酒
	Quanzhou	燒酒
	Zhangzhou	燒酒
	Chaozhou	白酒
	Shantou	白酒
	Jieyang	白酒, 燒酒
	Bangkok (Teochew)	白酒
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	白酒
	Pontianak (Teochew)	白酒
	Leizhou	燒酒
	Haikou	白酒
Puxian Min	Putian	白酒
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	白酒
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	白酒
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	白酒
	Xianyou	白酒
	Xianyou (Fengting)	白酒
	Xianyou (Youyang)	白酒
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	白酒
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	白酒
Wu	Shanghai	白酒, 燒酒
	Shanghai (Chongming)	燒酒
	Suzhou	燒酒
	Danyang	白酒, 燒酒
	Ningbo	燒酒
	Jinhua	燒酒
Xiang	Changsha	白酒
	Loudi	燒酒
	Hengyang	白酒

• (white wine):

Dialectal synonyms of 白葡萄酒 (“white wine”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		白葡萄酒, 白酒
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	白葡萄酒, 白酒
Cantonese	Hong Kong	白酒

• (jiuniang):

Dialectal synonyms of 酒釀 (“jiuniang”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		酒釀, 醪糟, 江米酒
Northeastern Mandarin	Harbin	江米酒
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	江米酒
	Wanrong	醪糟坯子
	Xi'an	醪糟, 醪糟兒
	Xining	醪糟兒
	Xuzhou	米酒, 江米酒, 糯米酒
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	醪酒
	Lanzhou	醪糟子
	Ürümqi	醪酒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	醪糟兒, 醪糟浮子, 醪糟水, 醪糟兒浮子, 醪糟兒水
	Wuhan	甜酒, 米酒, 伏汁酒
	Guiyang	甜酒
	Kunming	白酒, 甜白酒
	Liuzhou	糯米甜酒, 甜酒
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	酒釀, 江米酒
	Yangzhou	米甜酒
	Nantong	酒釀, 江糟酒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	酒釀, 糯米甜酒
	Hong Kong	糯米酒
	Taishan	酒糟
	Dongguan	糯米酒
Gan	Nanchang	酒娘子
	Lichuan	甲酒
	Pingxiang	糯米酒, 甜酒, 米酒, 醐娘酒
Hakka	Meixian	酒娘, 甲酒
	Yudu	酒娘
Huizhou	Jixi	米酒, 甜酒
Jin	Taiyuan	醪糟
	Xinzhou	醪糟兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	白酒
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	米酒
Southern Min	Xiamen	酒釀, 酒飯
	Zhangzhou	白酒
	Leizhou	秫米糟, 甜糟
	Haikou	甜糟
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	甜酒
Wu	Shanghai	酒釀, 酒板, 甜酒釀
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	酒釀糟
	Shanghai (Chongming)	酒釀, 酒板
	Suzhou	酒釀, 冬釀酒, 糯米酒
	Wuxi	老白酒
	Changzhou	白酒
	Danyang	白酒糟
	Hangzhou	甜酒釀, 酒釀
	Ningbo	酒釀, 漿板
	Wenzhou	酒釀, 蜜林檎
	Jinhua	甜酒釀, 酒釀
Xiang	Changsha	甜酒
	Loudi	酒娘

Hypernyms

• 酒 (jiǔ)

Hyponyms

• 高粱 (gāoliáng)

Descendants

• → English: baijiu

See also

• 黃酒／黄酒 (huángjiǔ)
• 葡萄酒 (pútáojiǔ)
• 啤酒 (píjiǔ)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
白	酒
しろ Grade: 1	さけ > ざけ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 酒 (sake, “liquor”). The sake reading for 酒 changes to zake as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕiɾo̞za̠ke̞]

Noun

白(しろ)酒(ざけ) • (shirozake) 

1. a white, unfiltered, sweet, and sometimes thick porridge-like fermented liquor made from rice; traditionally served at 雛祭り (Hina matsuri) and other festivals
2. alternate name for 濁酒 (doburoku), 濁り酒 (nigorizake): white unfiltered and sweet sake

Synonyms

• (thick sake served at festivals): 山川酒(やまがわざけ) (yamagawazake)
• (unfiltered sake): 濁酒(じょくしゅく) (jokushuku), 濁酒(だくしゅ) (dakushu), 濁酒(どぶろく) (doburoku)
• (unfiltered sake): 濁(にご)り酒(ざけ) (nigorizake)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
白	酒
しろ Grade: 1	き Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 酒 (ki, “liquor”). The ki reading for 酒 is archaic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕiɾo̞kʲi]

Noun

白(しろ)酒(き) • (shiroki) 

1. white fermented liquor made from rice, used as an offering at Shinto rituals

   Fermented from specially selected rice, with half used as shiroki and half mixed with incense ash and used as kuroki (黒酒). Used in particular at the 大嘗祭 (daijōsai) and 新嘗祭 (nīnamesai) rituals held in late November, wherein the emperor would beseech the gods for a good harvest in the year to come.

See also

• 黒酒(くろき) (kuroki): black liquor
• 大嘗祭(だいじょうさい) (daijōsai), 新嘗祭(にいなめさい) (nīnamesai): Shinto rituals wherein the emperor prays for a good harvest in the year to come

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
白	酒
しろ Grade: 1	ささ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 酒 (sasa, “liquor”). The sasa reading for 酒 is a 女(にょう)房(ぼう)詞(ことば) (nyōbō kotoba), a term only used by women.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕiɾo̞sa̠sa̠]

Noun

白(しろ)酒(ささ) • (shirosasa) 

1. (nyōbō kotoba) Synonym of 白酒 (shirozake)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
白	酒
はく Grade: 1	しゅ Grade: 3
kan'on	goon

From Middle Chinese 白酒 (MC baek tsjuwX).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ha̠kɯ̟ɕɨ]

Noun

白(はく)酒(しゅ) • (hakushu) ^{←はくしゆ (fakusyu)?}

1. generic term for nigorizake, doburoku, shirozake

Usage notes

This reading using the on'yomi is considered slightly more formal, rather like how words in English that have Latin or Greek roots are considered slightly more formal than synonyms that have Anglo-Saxon roots.

See also

• 濁(にご)り酒(ざけ) (nigorizake)
• 濁酒(どぶろく) (doburoku)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
白	酒
ばい Grade: 1	ちゅう Grade: 3
irregular

From modern Mandarin 白酒 (báijiǔ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pa̠it͡ɕɨː]

Noun

白酒(ぱいちゅう) or 白酒(パイチュー) • (paichū) 

1. Chinese distilled liquor

Usage notes

This reading is more often spelled in katakana as パイチュー to differentiate from the default hakushu on'yomi for these characters.