清苦
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]clear; distinct; complete clear; distinct; complete; pure |
bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (清苦) | 清 | 苦 | |
simp. #(清苦) | 清 | 苦 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cing1 fu2
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): chheng-khó͘
- (Teochew, Peng'im): cêng1 kou2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥ ㄎㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cingkǔ
- Wade–Giles: chʻing1-kʻu3
- Yale: chīng-kǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingkuu
- Palladius: цинку (cinku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cing1 fu2
- Yale: chīng fú
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsing1 fu2
- Guangdong Romanization: qing1 fu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-khó͘
- Tâi-lô: tshing-khóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhengqor
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: cêng1 kou2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsheng khóu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰeŋ³³⁻²³ kʰou⁵²/
- (Hokkien)
Adjective
[edit]清苦
Synonyms
[edit]- 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
- 困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
- 困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
- 困窮 / 困穷 (kùnqióng)
- 困苦 (kùnkǔ)
- 困難 / 困难
- 困頓 / 困顿 (kùndùn)
- 宋凶 (Hokkien)
- 散 (Hokkien)
- 散凶 (Hokkien)
- 散赤 (Hokkien)
- 淡薄 (dànbó) (literary)
- 清貧 / 清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
- 㾪赤 (Hokkien)
- 磽 / 硗 (Teochew)
- 䆀康 (Hokkien)
- 空乏 (kòngfá) (literary)
- 窄
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
- 窘困 (jiǒngkùn)
- 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
- 窮 / 穷 (qióng)
- 窮乏 / 穷乏 (qióngfá) (literary)
- 窮困 / 穷困 (qióngkùn)
- 窮㾪 / 穷㾪 (Hokkien)
- 窮苦 / 穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
- 窮赤 / 穷赤 (Hokkien)
- 艱苦 / 艰苦 (Hokkien)
- 苦寒 (kǔhán)
- 貧乏 / 贫乏 (pínfá)
- 貧困 / 贫困 (pínkùn)
- 貧寒 / 贫寒 (pínhán)
- 貧瘠 / 贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
- 貧窮 / 贫穷 (pínqióng)
- 貧苦 / 贫苦 (pínkǔ)