河南

Chinese

		river	south
simp. and trad. (河南)		河	南
anagram		南河
Literally: “south of the river”.

Etymology

“Henan”

So named as it (largely) lies on the south of the Yellow River.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Hénán

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ho⁴ naam⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Hò-nàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ho² nam²

• Eastern Min (BUC): Ò̤-nàng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Hô-lâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ho⁵ lam⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu-noe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Hénán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Hénán
    • Wade–Giles: Ho²-nan²
    • Yale: Hé-nán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Hernan
    • Palladius: Хэнань (Xɛnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵ nän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ho⁴ naam⁴
    • Yale: hòh nàahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ho⁴ naam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ho⁴ nam⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔː²¹ naːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hò-nàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ho^ˇ nam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ho² nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /ho¹¹ nam¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ho² nam²
    • Sinological IPA: /ho¹¹ nam¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Ò̤-nàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /o⁵³⁻³³ nˡaŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hô-lâm
    • Tâi-lô: Hô-lâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoilaam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ho²⁴⁻²² lam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³⁻²² lam¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ho²⁴⁻¹¹ lam²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³⁻³³ lam²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ho⁵ lam⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hô lâm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ho⁵⁵⁻¹¹ lam⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶wu-noe
    • MiniDict: wu^去 noe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu-noe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² nø⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: ha nom

Rime
Character	河	南
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡歌切	那含切
Baxter	ha	nom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑ/	/nʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑ/	/nəm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑ/	/nɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦa/	/nəm/
Li Rong	/ɣɑ/	/nᴀm/
Wang Li	/ɣɑ/	/nɒm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑ/	/năm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hé	nán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho4	naam4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.ɡ]ˤaj  nˤ[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːl  nuːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	河	南
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé	nán
Middle Chinese	‹ ha ›	‹ nom ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.ɡ]ˁaj/	/*nˁ[ə]m/
English	river	south
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	河	南
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7459	9355
Phonetic component	可	南
Rime group	歌	侵
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	何	南
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːl/	/*nuːm/

Proper noun

河南

1. (～省) Henan (a province of China; capital: Zhengzhou)
2. (historical) region south of the Yellow River
3. Henan (former district in Guangzhou south of the Pearl River)
4. (～省) Hà Nam (a province of Vietnam)
5. (～縣, ～蒙古族自治縣) Henan (a Mongolian Autonomous County in Huangnan, Qinghai, China)

Coordinate terms

• 河東／河东 (Hédōng)
• 河西 (héxī)
• 河北 (Héběi)

Derived terms

• 河南墜子／河南坠子 (Hénán zhuìzi)
• 河南梆子 (Hénán bāngzi)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (河南):

• → Japanese: 河(か)南(なん) (Kanan)
• → Korean: 하남(河南) (Hanam)
• → Vietnamese: Hà Nam (河南)

Others:

• → English: Henan

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
河	南
か Grade: 5	なん Grade: 2
on'yomi

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 河南 (Hénán).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠nã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

河(か)南(なん) • (Kanan) 

1. Henan (a province of China; capital: Zhengzhou)
2. The region south to the Yellow River, China.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
河	南
かわ Grade: 5	な Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Kanji in this term
河	南
かわ Grade: 5	みなみ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Kanji in this term
河	南
かわ Grade: 5	なみ Grade: 2
kun'yomi	nanori

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠nã̠ɴ]

• IPA^(key): [ka̠β̞a̠na̠]

• (Tokyo) かわみなみ [kàwámíꜜnàmì] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠β̞a̠mʲina̠mʲi]

• IPA^(key): [ka̠β̞a̠na̠mʲi]

Proper noun

河(か)南(なん) • (Kanan) 

1. Kanan (a town in Osaka Prefecture, Japan)
2. Kanan (neighborhoods in Japan):
   1. A neighborhood of Miyako, Iwate Prefecture.
   2. A neighborhood of Imabari, Ehime Prefecture.
   3. A neighborhood of Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture.

河(かわ)南(な) • (Kawana) ^{←かはな (Kafana)?}

1. a surname

河(かわ)南(みなみ) • (Kawaminami) ^{←かはみなみ (Kafaminami)?}

1. Kawaminami (a neighborhood of Kaga, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan)

河(かわ)南(なみ) • (Kawanami) ^{←かはなみ (Kafanami)?}

1. Kawanami (a neighborhood of Maibara, Shiga Prefecture, Japan)

Korean

Hanja in this term
河	南

Proper noun

河南 • (Hanam) (hangeul 하남)

1. hanja form^? of 하남 (“Henan”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
河	南

Proper noun

河南

1. chữ Hán form of Hà Nam (“Henan; Hà Nam”).

References

• Văn Mới (1954)