我慢

Chinese

		I; me	slow
trad. (我慢)		我	慢
simp. #(我慢)		我	慢

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wǒmàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁵ maan⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wǒmàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˇ ㄇㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wǒmàn
    • Wade–Giles: wo³-man⁴
    • Yale: wǒ-màn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woomann
    • Palladius: вомань (vomanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹ män⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngo⁵ maan⁶
    • Yale: ngóh maahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁵ maan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁵ man⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː¹³ maːn²²/

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• Middle Chinese: ngaX maenH

Rime
Character	我	慢
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	五可切	謨晏切
Baxter	ngaX	maenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑX/	/mˠanH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑX/	/mᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑX/	/mɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaX/	/maɨnH/
Li Rong	/ŋɑX/	/manH/
Wang Li	/ŋɑX/	/manH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑX/	/manH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ě	màn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngo5	maan6

Adjective

我慢

1. (Buddhism) arrogant

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (我慢):

• → Japanese: 我(が)慢(まん) (gaman, “arrogant”)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
我	慢
が Grade: 6	まん Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) がまん [gáꜜmàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɡa̠mã̠ɴ]

• (Kyoto) が​まん [gáꜜmàǹ] (Kōki)

Noun

我(が)慢(まん) • (gaman) 

1. patience, endurance, tolerance
2. (Buddhism) arrogance

Derived terms

• 我慢強(がまんづよ)い (gamanzuyoi)

Verb

我(が)慢(まん)する • (gaman suru) suru (stem 我(が)慢(まん)し (gaman shi), past 我(が)慢(まん)した (gaman shita))

1. endure, be patient, deny oneself something, hang in there, display restraint

   Synonyms: たえる, こらえる

   ここは我(が)慢(まん)が肝心(かんじん)だ。

   Koko wa gaman ga kanjin da.

   This is the time to be patient.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "我慢する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	我慢し	がまんし	gaman shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	我慢し	がまんし	gaman shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	我慢する	がまんする	gaman suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	我慢する	がまんする	gaman suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	我慢すれ	がまんすれ	gaman sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	我慢せよ¹ 我慢しろ²	がまんせよ¹ がまんしろ²	gaman seyo¹ gaman shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	我慢される	がまんされる	gaman sareru
Causative	我慢させる 我慢さす	がまんさせる がまんさす	gaman saseru gaman sasu
Potential	我慢できる	がまんできる	gaman dekiru
Volitional	我慢しよう	がまんしよう	gaman shiyō
Negative	我慢しない	がまんしない	gaman shinai
Negative continuative	我慢せず	がまんせず	gaman sezu
Formal	我慢します	がまんします	gaman shimasu
Perfective	我慢した	がまんした	gaman shita
Conjunctive	我慢して	がまんして	gaman shite
Hypothetical conditional	我慢すれば	がまんすれば	gaman sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.