懺

See also: 忏 and 懴

懺 U+61FA, 懺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61FA ← 懹 [U+61F9] CJK Unified Ideographs 懻 → [U+61FB]

Translingual

Han character

懺 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 心人戈一 (POIM), four-corner 9305₀, composition ⿰忄韱)

Derived characters

• 𭍃

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 408, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11478
• Dae Jaweon: page 750, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2370, character 15
• Unihan data for U+61FA

Chinese

trad.		懺
simp.		忏*
alternative forms		懴 讖／谶

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (韱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
讖	*sʰrims
攕	*sreːm
櫼	*sreːm, *ʔsem
懺	*sʰraːms
殲	*ʔsem
瀸	*ʔsem
鑯	*ʔsem
虃	*ʔslem
籤	*sʰem
韯	*sem
纖	*sem
孅	*sem
韱	*sem
襳	*sem, *srem, *srim

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰraːms) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).

Etymology

Clipping of 懺摩 (MC tsrhaemH ma, “repentance”), from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā, “patience; forbearance; indulgence”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chàn (chan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam³ / cim³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhàm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cam³ / ciam¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chàn
    • Wade–Giles: chʻan⁴
    • Yale: chàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chann
    • Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: caam³ / cim³
    • Yale: chaam / chim
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam³ / tsim³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam³ / qim³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm³³/, /t͡sʰiːm³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàm
    • Tâi-lô: tshàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cam³ / ciam¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàm / tshiam
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰam²¹³/, /t͡sʰiam³³/

Note: ciam1 - 俗讀.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshe
    • MiniDict: tshe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰe³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrhaemH

Rime
Character	懺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	楚鑑切
Baxter	tsrhaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠamH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚamH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰamH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨmH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰamH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰamH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰamH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懺
Reading #	1/1
No.	13476
Phonetic component	韱
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	懺
Old Chinese	/*sʰraːms/
Notes	梵譯kṣama

Definitions

懺

1. to repent
2. to confess on account of repentance

Compounds

• 大悲懺 / 大悲忏
• 寶懺 / 宝忏
• 悔過自懺 / 悔过自忏
• 懺七 / 忏七
• 懺事 / 忏事
• 懺悔 / 忏悔 (chànhuǐ)
• 懺悔錄 / 忏悔录
• 懺法 / 忏法
• 懺禮 / 忏礼
• 拜懺 / 拜忏 (bàichàn)
• 拜水懺 / 拜水忏
• 梁皇寶懺 / 梁皇宝忏
• 梁皇懺
• 水懺 / 水忏
• 禮懺 / 礼忏
• 經懺 / 经忏

 

References

• “懺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

懺

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぜん (zen)^{←ぜむ (zemu, historical)}
• Kan-on: さん (san)^{←さむ (samu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
• Kun: くいる (kuiru, 懺いる)

Korean

Hanja

懺 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

懺: Hán Việt readings: sám
懺: Nôm readings: sám, sắm, rám

1. chữ Hán form of sám (“repent”).