憫

See also: 悯

憫 U+61AB, 憫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61AB ← 憪 [U+61AA] CJK Unified Ideographs 憬 → [U+61AC]

Translingual

Han character

憫 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 心日弓大 (PANK), four-corner 9702₀, composition ⿰忄閔)

1. pity, sympathize with, grieve for

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 403, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11252
• Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2357, character 4
• Unihan data for U+61AB

Chinese

trad.		憫
simp.		悯
alternative forms		愍 閔／闵

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (閔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
憫	*mrɯnʔ
閔	*mrɯnʔ
潣	*mrɯnʔ, *mɯːlʔ
簢	*mrɯnʔ
燘	*mɯːlʔ, *hmɯːlʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǐn (min³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mén / miên

  (Hailu, HRS): men^ˊ / mien^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): mīng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bín

  (Teochew, Peng'im): miêng²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǐn
    • Wade–Giles: min³
    • Yale: mǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: miin
    • Palladius: минь (minʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: man⁵
    • Yale: máhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mén / miên
    • Hakka Romanization System: men^ˋ / mien^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: men³ / mian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /men³¹/, /mi̯en²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: men^ˊ / mien^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /men²⁴/, /mien⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ming³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ming³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bín
    • Tâi-lô: bín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bien
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bin⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bin⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: miêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: minX

Rime
Character	憫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	眉殞切
Baxter	minX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiɪnX/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚinX/
Shao Rongfen	/mienX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjinX/
Li Rong	/mjĕnX/
Wang Li	/mǐĕnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ĕnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	man5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mrə[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mrɯnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ minX ›
Old Chinese	/*mrə[n]ʔ/
English	grieved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憫
Reading #	1/1
No.	9153
Phonetic component	閔
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愍
Old Chinese	/*mrɯnʔ/

Definitions

憫

1. to sympathize; to pity; to feel compassion for
2. (literary) depressed; sorrowful

Compounds

• 其情可憫 / 其情可悯
• 垂憫 / 垂悯
• 悲天憫人 / 悲天悯人 (bēitiānmǐnrén)
• 悲憫 / 悲悯 (bēimǐn)
• 慈憫 / 慈悯
• 憫恤 / 悯恤
• 憫惻 / 悯恻
• 憐憫 / 怜悯 (liánmǐn)
• 憫然 / 悯然
• 矜憫 / 矜悯 (jīnmǐn)

References

• “憫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “悯”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 158.

Japanese

Kanji

憫

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: みん (min)
• Kan-on: びん (bin)
• Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 憫れむ)、うれえる (ureeru, 憫える)

Korean

Hanja

憫 (eumhun 민망할 민 (minmanghal min))

1. hanja form^? of 민 (“pity, sympathize with, grieve for”)

Vietnamese

Han character

憫: Hán Nôm readings: mẫn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.