怨讟

Chinese

		blame; complain	to murmur; to slander
trad. (怨讟)		怨	讟
simp. (怨𮙋)		怨	𮙋

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuàndú

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˋ ㄉㄨˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuàndú
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˋ ㄉㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuàndú
    • Wade–Giles: yüan⁴-tu²
    • Yale: ywàn-dú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanndwu
    • Palladius: юаньду (juanʹdu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵¹ tu³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jwon|'jwonH duwk

Rime
Character	怨	怨	讟
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	元 (66)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I
Fanqie	於袁切	於願切	徒谷切
Baxter	'jwon	'jwonH	duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐn/	/ʔʉɐnH/	/duk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐn/	/ʔʷiɐnH/	/duk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐn/	/ʔiuɐnH/	/duk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuan/	/ʔuanH/	/dəwk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐn/	/ʔiuɐnH/	/duk̚/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐn/	/ĭwɐnH/	/duk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐn/	/ʔi̯wɐnH/	/dʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuān	yuàn	dú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun1	jyun3	duk6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qon|qons  l'oːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	怨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuàn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjwonH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]o[r]-s/
English	resentment
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怨	怨	讟
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	16286	16305	16037
Phonetic component	夗	夗	𧶠
Rime group	元	元	屋
Rime subdivision	3	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	鴛	怨	獨
Old Chinese	/*qon/	/*qons/	/*l'oːɡ/

Noun

怨讟

1. (literary) bitterness and censure (especially of people)

   • 今宮室崇侈，民力彫盡，怨讟並作，莫保其性。石言不亦宜乎！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     今宫室崇侈，民力雕尽，怨𮙋并作，莫保其性。石言不亦宜乎！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jīn gōngshì chóngchǐ, mínlì diāojìn, yuàndú bìngzuò, mò bǎo qí xìng. Shí yán bùyì yí hū! [Pinyin]

     Now our halls and palaces are lofty and lavish, and the people's strength is impaired and exhausted. Resentment and grumbling continually arise, for the people cannot go on living as human beings. It is hardly surprising that a stone should speak!