如意

Chinese

	as (if); such as	idea; meaning; wish idea; meaning; wish; desire; Italy (abbrev.)
trad. (如意)	如	意
simp. ^#(如意)	如	意
Literally: “according to [one's] wishes”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rúyì

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ ji³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì-yi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): jû-ì / lû-ì / jî-ì / lîr-ì

(Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵ i³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rúyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rúyì
  - Wade–Giles: ju²-i⁴
  - Yale: rú-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruyih
  - Palladius: жуи (žui)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴ ji³
  - Yale: yùh yi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ ji³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ yi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ jiː³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: i^ˇ i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /i¹¹ i⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-yi
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)i^ˇ (r)i
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yi² yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i¹¹ (j)i⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jû-ì
  - Tâi-lô: jû-ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ju'ix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu²³⁻³³ i²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lû-ì
  - Tâi-lô: lû-ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lu'ix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lu²⁴⁻²² i⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lu²⁴⁻²² i²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lu²⁴⁻¹¹ i¹¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî-ì
  - Tâi-lô: jî-ì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ji'ix
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /zi²³⁻³³ i²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zi¹³⁻²² i²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîr-ì
  - Tâi-lô: lîr-ì
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɯ²⁴⁻²² i⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ru⁵ i³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû ì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ i²¹³/

Middle Chinese: nyo|nyoH 'iH

Rime
Character	如	如	意
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	人諸切	人恕切	於記切
Baxter	nyo	nyoH	'iH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌ^H/	/ʔɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/ʔɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔ^H/	/ʔie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆^H/	/ʔɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/ʔiə^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭo^H/	/ĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯wo^H/	/ʔi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	rù	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	jyu⁶	ji³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*na ʔ(r)ək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*nja|njas qɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	如	意
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ nyo ›	‹ ʔi^H ›
Old Chinese	/*na/	/*ʔ(r)ək-s/
English	as, like, if	thought (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	如	如	意
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	9623	9631	15153
Phonetic component	女	女	意
Rime group	魚	魚	代
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	如	洳	意
Old Chinese	/*nja/	/*njas/	/*qɯɡs/

Verb

如意

to be as one wishes; to be satisfactory
誰有不如意的時候。 [MSC, trad.]
谁有不如意的时候。 [MSC, simp.]
Shéi yǒu bù rúyì de shíhòu. [Pinyin]
We've all been through hard times before.

Synonyms

edit

中意 (zhòngyì)
合心 (héxīn)
合意 (héyì)
心甘 (xīngān)
滿 / 满 (mǎn)
滿意 / 满意 (mǎnyì)
滿足 / 满足 (mǎnzú)
甘心 (gānxīn) (usually in the negative)
稱心 / 称心 (chènxīn)
稱願 / 称愿 (chènyuàn)
順心 / 顺心 (shùnxīn) (literary)
飽足 / 饱足 (bǎozú) (literary)
饜足 / 餍足 (yànzú) (literary)

Derived terms

不如意事，十常八九 (bù rúyì shì, shí cháng bā jiǔ)
如意套 (rúyìtào)
如意算盤 / 如意算盘 (rúyìsuànpán)
如意郎君 (rúyìlángjūn)
新正如意 (xīnzhēng rúyì)
萬事如意 / 万事如意 (wànshìrúyì)
稱心如意 / 称心如意

Noun

如意

ceremonial sceptre (auspicious decorative object associated with Chinese Buddhist ritual made from bone or jade, with a cloud or lingzhi-shaped head and slightly curved handle)
backscratcher

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (如意):

→ Japanese: 如(にょ)意(い) (nyoi)
→ Korean: 여의(如意) (yeoui)
→ Vietnamese: như ý (如意)