塌

塌	U+584C, 塌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-584C

Translingual

Han character

塌 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土日尸一 (GASM), four-corner 4612₇, composition ⿰土𦐇)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 235, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5322
Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 31
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 471, character 13
Unihan data for U+584C

Chinese

trad.		塌
simp. ^#		塌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (蹋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
傝	tʰoːms, tʰaːb
搨	tʰoːb, taːb
蹹	*doːb
榻	*tʰaːb
遢	*tʰaːb
鰨	*tʰaːb
毾	*tʰaːb
塌	*tʰaːb
溻	*tʰaːb
蹋	*daːb
躢	*daːb
闒	*daːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 土 (“dirt”) + phonetic 𦐇 ()

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tā (ta¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄚ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ta²
Cantonese (Jyutping): taap³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thap / lap

(Teochew, Peng'im): tab⁸ / tab⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷thaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tā
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ta
  - Wade–Giles: tʻa¹
  - Yale: tā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ta
  - Palladius: та (ta)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰä⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ta²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ta
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰa²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: taap³
  - Yale: taap
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taap⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: tab³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːp̚³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thap / lap
  - Tâi-lô: thap / lap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tab, lab
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰap̚⁵/, /lap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰap̚³²/, /lap̚³²/

Note:

thap - literary (“to fill up, to stack, to lose money”);
lap - vernacular (“to become sunken”).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: tab⁸ / tab⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tha̍p / thap
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰap̚⁴/, /tʰap̚²/

Note: tab8 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷thaq
  - MiniDict: thah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴thaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰaʔ⁵⁵/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塌
Reading #	1/1
No.	12247
Phonetic component	蹋
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	榻
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːb/

Definitions

塌

to collapse; to fall down; to cave in
to sink; to droop
to calm down; to settle down
(dialectal) to slump; to sink (of morale, etc.)
(Hokkien) to fill up; to fill in; to stuff (a gap, blank, vacancy, etc.)
(Hokkien) to stack or press close together crisscrossed
(Taiwanese Hokkien) to lose money
(Hokkien) to become sunken; to hollow; to form a depression

Synonyms

(to collapse):

edit

倒冧 (dou² lam³) (Cantonese)
倒塌 (dǎotā)
傾覆 / 倾覆 (qīngfù)
凹陷 (āoxiàn)
坍塌 (tāntā)
垮 (kuǎ)
垮臺 / 垮台 (kuǎtái) (figurative)
塌方 (tāfāng)
塌臺 / 塌台 (tātái) (figurative)
塌落 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
塌頭 / 塌头 (Xiamen Hokkien)
崩坍 (bēngtān)
崩塌 (bēngtā)
崩敗 / 崩败 (Hokkien, Teochew)
崩潰 / 崩溃 (bēngkuì)
崩裂 (bēngliè)
崩陷 (Hokkien, literary)
瓦解 (wǎjiě)
窞肚 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
解體 / 解体 (jiětǐ)
陷落 (xiànluò)

(to droop):

edit

下垂 (xiàchuí)
嘟嚕 / 嘟噜 (dūlu)
拖 (tuō)
耷拉 (dāla) (colloquial)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

塌

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): とう (tō)

Korean

Hanja

塌 • (tap) (hangeul 탑, revised tap, McCune–Reischauer t'ap)

References

Naver Hanja Dictionary: 塌

Vietnamese

Han character

塌: Hán Nôm readings: tháp, thớp, thóp, thấp, thạp, thọp, thợp

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.