因而

Chinese

		cause; reason; because	and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
simp. and trad. (因而)		因	而

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yīn'ér

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ ㄦˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan¹ ji⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): in-lî / in-jî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ing¹ re⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹in-gher

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīn'ér
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ ㄦˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yin-ér
    • Wade–Giles: yin¹-êrh²
    • Yale: yīn-ér
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: inerl
    • Palladius: иньэр (inʹer)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan¹ ji⁴
    • Yale: yān yìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹ ji⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen¹ yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵ jiː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-lî
    • Tâi-lô: in-lî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: inlii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /in⁴⁴⁻²² li²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ li²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /in³³ li²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-jî
    • Tâi-lô: in-jî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: injii
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ zi²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² d͡zi¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ing¹ re⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ing jṳ̂
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ³³⁻²³ d͡zɯ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹in-gher
    • MiniDict: in^平 r
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹in-hher
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵⁵ ɦəl²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jin nyi

Rime
Character	因	而
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於眞切	如之切
Baxter	'jin	nyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪn/	/ȵɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔin/	/ȵɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjen/	/ȵʑie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔin/	/ȵɨ/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕn/	/ȵiə/
Wang Li	/ĭĕn/	/ȵʑĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ĕn/	/ȵʑi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīn	ér
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan1	ji4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔi[n]  nə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qin  njɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	因	而
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīn	ér
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjin ›	‹ nyi ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔi[n]/	/*nə/
English	rely on	and, but
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	因	而
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15176	2720
Phonetic component	因	而
Rime group	眞	之
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	因	而
Old Chinese	/*qin/	/*njɯ/
Notes	甲文象人臥於茵席， 爲茵初文

Conjunction

因而

1. thus; consequently; as a result; so

Synonyms

edit

• 乃末 (Shanghainese)
• 以故 (yǐgù) (Classical Chinese)
• 以是 (yǐshì) (Classical Chinese)
• 因此 (yīncǐ)
• 從而 / 从而 (cóng'ér)
• 所以
• 故 (gù) (literary)
• 故此 (gùcǐ)
• 故而 (gù'ér)
• 於是 / 于是 (yúshì)
• 於是乎 / 于是乎 (yúshìhū) (literary)
• 是以 (shìyǐ) (literary)
• 是故 (shìgù) (literary)
• 此以 (cǐyǐ) (literary)
• 為此 / 为此 (wèicǐ)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 所以 (“so; therefore”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		是以, 是故, 故, 以, 以是, 以故
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		所以, 因此, 因而, 故, 故此, 故而
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	所以
	Singapore	所以
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	所以
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	所以
Cantonese	Guangzhou	所以, 故此
	Hong Kong	所以
	Singapore (Guangfu)	所以
Gan	Nanchang	故是
Hakka	Meixian	所以, 故此
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	故所, 所以
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	故所, 所以, 故所以
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	所以
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	所以
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	所以, 故所
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	所以
Huizhou	Jixi	所以上
Northern Min	Jian'ou	故此
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	故此
Southern Min	Xiamen	所以
	Quanzhou	所以
	Zhangzhou	所以
	Tainan	所以
	Penang (Hokkien)	所以
	Singapore (Hokkien)	所以
	Manila (Hokkien)	所以
	Wenchang	所以
Wu	Shanghai	所以, 咾, 葛咾, 因此, 故所以 dated, 故而 dated, 所以緣故 dated, 為此緣故 dated, 因此緣故 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	故所以
Xiang	Loudi	故所以