故而

Chinese

		happening; instance; reason happening; instance; reason; cause; deceased; old	and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
simp. and trad. (故而)		故	而

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gù'ér

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˋ ㄦˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu³ ji⁴
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ku-gher

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gù'ér
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄦˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gù-ér
    • Wade–Giles: ku⁴-êrh²
    • Yale: gù-ér
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guherl
    • Palladius: гуэр (guer)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu³ ji⁴
    • Yale: gu yìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu³ ji⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu³ yi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː³³ jiː²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ku-gher
    • MiniDict: ku^去 r
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ku-hher
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku³³ ɦəl⁴⁴/

Adverb

故而

1. (literary) therefore

Synonyms

edit

• 乃末 (Shanghainese)
• 以故 (yǐgù) (Classical Chinese)
• 以是 (yǐshì) (Classical Chinese)
• 因此 (yīncǐ)
• 因而 (yīn'ér)
• 從而／从而 (cóng'ér)
• 所以
• 故 (gù) (literary)
• 故此 (gùcǐ)
• 於是／于是 (yúshì)
• 於是乎／于是乎 (yúshìhū) (literary)
• 是以 (shìyǐ) (literary)
• 是故 (shìgù) (literary)
• 此以 (cǐyǐ) (literary)
• 為此／为此 (wèicǐ)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 所以 (“so; therefore”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		是以, 是故, 故, 以, 以是, 以故
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		所以, 因此, 因而, 故, 故此, 故而
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	所以
	Singapore	所以
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	所以
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	所以
Cantonese	Guangzhou	所以, 故此
	Hong Kong	所以
	Singapore (Guangfu)	所以
Gan	Nanchang	故是
Hakka	Meixian	所以, 故此
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	故所, 所以
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	故所, 所以, 故所以
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	所以
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	所以
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	所以, 故所
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	所以
Huizhou	Jixi	所以上
Northern Min	Jian'ou	故此
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	故此
Southern Min	Xiamen	所以
	Quanzhou	所以
	Zhangzhou	所以
	Tainan	所以
	Penang (Hokkien)	所以
	Singapore (Hokkien)	所以
	Manila (Hokkien)	所以
	Wenchang	所以
Wu	Shanghai	所以, 咾, 葛咾, 因此, 故所以 dated, 故而 dated, 所以緣故 dated, 為此緣故 dated, 因此緣故 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	故所以
Xiang	Loudi	故所以