凋

See also: 彫 and 雕

凋 U+51CB, 凋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51CB ← 凊 [U+51CA] CJK Unified Ideographs 凌 → [U+51CC]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

凋 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一月土口 (IMBGR), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰冫周)

Derived characters

• 𪄄 𦶌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 44
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1668
• Dae Jaweon: page 296, character 32
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 299, character 7
• Unihan data for U+51CB

Chinese

trad.		凋
simp. #		凋
2nd round simp.		刁
alternative forms		彫／雕

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凋
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (周) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
裯	*tuːw, *dɯw, *do
啁	*tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw
禂	*tuːwʔ
綢	*tʰuːw, *dɯw
翢	*tʰuːw, *duːw
錭	*duːw
雕	*tɯːw
凋	*tɯːw
琱	*tɯːw
鯛	*tɯːw
鵰	*tɯːw
彫	*tɯːw
奝	*tɯːw
調	*dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw
蜩	*dɯːw
惆	*tʰɯw
婤	*tʰɯw, *tjɯw
稠	*dɯw
椆	*dɯw, *tjɯws
周	*tjɯw
輖	*tjɯw
賙	*tjɯw
郮	*tjɯw
晭	*tjɯwʔ
倜	*tʰɯːwɢ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): diāo (diao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): diu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tiâu

  (Hailu, HRS): diau^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): diĕu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieo¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tiau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: diāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: diao
    • Wade–Giles: tiao¹
    • Yale: dyāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diau
    • Palladius: дяо (djao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: diu¹
    • Yale: dīu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: diu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: diu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiâu
    • Hakka Romanization System: diau^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: diau¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ti̯au̯²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: diau^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /tiau⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diĕu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dieo¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: da̤u
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dieo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiau
    • Tâi-lô: tiau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tew

Rime
Character	凋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	都聊切
Baxter	tew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teu/
Pan Wuyun	/teu/
Shao Rongfen	/teu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛw/
Li Rong	/teu/
Wang Li	/tieu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tieu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	diu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤiw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diāo
Middle Chinese	‹ tew ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁiw/
English	wither (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凋
Reading #	1/1
No.	17514
Phonetic component	周
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	貂
Old Chinese	/*tɯːw/

Definitions

凋

1. to wither; to fall
2. to exhaust; to fade
3. (of life and business) depressed; in decline

Compounds

• 不凋
• 凋亡 (diāowáng)
• 凋兵
• 凋厥
• 凋弊 (diāobì)
• 凋換 / 凋换
• 凋敗 / 凋败
• 凋敝 (diāobì)
• 凋殘 / 凋残 (diāocán)
• 凋疏
• 凋萎
• 凋落 (diāoluò)
• 凋謝 / 凋谢 (diāoxiè)
• 凋零 (diāolíng)
• 家業凋零 / 家业凋零
• 後凋 / 后凋
• 急景凋年
• 松柏後凋 / 松柏后凋
• 歲寒不凋 / 岁寒不凋
• 民力凋弊
• 民生凋敝
• 老成凋謝 / 老成凋谢

References

• “凋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• William Campbell (1913) A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 697.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “凋”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.

Japanese

Kanji

凋

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. wither, wilt, fade

Readings

• Go-on: ちょう (chō)
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō)
• Kun: しぼむ (shibomu, 凋む)、おちぶれる (ochibureru)

Korean

Hanja

凋 (eum 조 (jo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

凋: Hán Nôm readings: điêu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.