偃

偃 U+5043, 偃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5043 ← 偂 [U+5042] CJK Unified Ideographs 偄 → [U+5044]

Translingual

Han character

偃 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人尸日女 (OSAV), four-corner 2121₄, composition ⿰亻匽)

Derived characters

• 𠼸, 𩻖, 𪅬

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 109, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 830
• Dae Jaweon: page 233, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 187, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5043

Chinese

trad.		偃
simp. #		偃
alternative forms		匽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 偃
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s05871 Transcribed ancient scripts L34792 L16398 L16399 L16400 L16401 L16402 L16403
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (妟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
堰	*qrens, *qanʔ, *qans
躽	*qrens, *qeːnʔ
宴	*qeːnʔ, *qeːns
蝘	*qeːnʔ, *qanʔ
偃	*qanʔ
郾	*qanʔ, *qans
鶠	*qanʔ
褗	*qanʔ, *qans
匽	*qanʔ
鼴	*qanʔ
鰋	*qanʔ
揠	*qreːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qanʔ): semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin² / jim²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yén / yán

  (Hailu, HRS): rhan^ˊ

• Eastern Min (BUC): iēng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): oeng³ / yoeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ián

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iam² / iang²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǎn
    • Wade–Giles: yen³
    • Yale: yǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jin² / jim²
    • Yale: yín / yím
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin² / jim²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin² / yim²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn³⁵/, /jiːm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yén
    • Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯en³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yán
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yan³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an³¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: rhan^ˊ
    • Sinological IPA: /ʒan²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: oeng³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ê̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /œŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: yoeng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yøŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ián
    • Tâi-lô: ián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iern
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iam² / iang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iám / iáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iam⁵²/, /iaŋ⁵²/

Note:

• iam2 - Chaozhou;
• iang2 - Chenghai.

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jonX

Rime
Character	偃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於幰切
Baxter	'jonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨɐnX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɐnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨanX/
Li Rong	/ʔiɐnX/
Wang Li	/ĭɐnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɨ̯ɐnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔa[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qanʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	偃	偃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjonX ›	‹ ʔjonX ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔa[n]ʔ/	/*ʔa[n]ʔ/
English	bend down	Yǎn (ancient state in Shāndōng)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	偃
Reading #	1/1
No.	14384
Phonetic component	妟
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	偃
Old Chinese	/*qanʔ/

Definitions

偃

1. to fall on one's back; to lie down; to flop down
2. to desist; to cease; to stop

Compounds

• 修文偃武
• 偃仆
• 偃仰
• 偃佒
• 側偃 / 侧偃
• 偃兵息甲
• 偃師 / 偃师 (Yǎnshī, “Yanshi”)
• 偃師縣 / 偃师县
• 偃旗息鼓 (yǎnqíxīgǔ)
• 偃旗臥鼓 / 偃旗卧鼓
• 偃月 (yǎnyuè)
• 偃松
• 偃武修文
• 偃武興文 / 偃武兴文
• 偃波書 / 偃波书
• 偃臥 / 偃卧
• 偃草
• 偃衍
• 偃蹇
• 偃蹇困窮 / 偃蹇困穷
• 偃鼠
• 偃鼠飲河 / 偃鼠饮河
• 前合後偃 / 前合后偃
• 徐偃王
• 息偃
• 文修武偃
• 文偃
• 日角偃月
• 武偃文修
• 狐偃
• 臥鼓偃旗 / 卧鼓偃旗
• 與世偃仰 / 与世偃仰
• 草偃 (cǎoyǎn)
• 草偃風從 / 草偃风从
• 草偃風行 / 草偃风行
• 言偃
• 起偃為豎 / 起偃为竖
• 韜戈偃武 / 韬戈偃武
• 風行草偃 / 风行草偃 (fēngxíngcǎoyǎn)
• 鼻偃齒露 / 鼻偃齿露

References

• “偃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “偃”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 276.

Japanese

Kanji

偃

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. dam
2. weir

Readings

• On (unclassified): えん (en)
• Kun: ふせる (fuseru)、やすむ (yasumu)

Korean

Hanja

偃 (eum 언 (eon))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

偃: Hán Nôm readings: ễnh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.