やすむ
Japanese
[edit]| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 休む |
Etymology
[edit]Cognate with the adjective やすい (yasui).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]やすむ • (yasumu) intransitive godan (stem やすみ (yasumi), past やすんだ (yasunda))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | やすめる |
| mediopassive | やすむ |
- to rest
- そこで休んだらどうだ。
- Soko de yasun dara dō da.
- Why don't you rest there?
- そこで休んだらどうだ。
- to sleep
- 彼はもう休んでいる。
- Kare wa mō yasunde iru.
- He has already gone to bed.
- 彼はもう休んでいる。
- to be absent (from)
- 彼女は学校を休んだ。
- Kanojo wa gakkō o yasunda.
- She was absent from school.
- 彼女は学校を休んだ。
- to suspend; to be dormant
- あの工場は操業を休んでいる。
- Ano kōjō wa sōgyō o yasunde iru.
- That factory has stopped operating.
- あの工場は操業を休んでいる。
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "やすむ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | やすま | yasuma | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | やすみ | yasumi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | やすむ | yasumu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | やすむ | yasumu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | やすめ | yasume | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | やすめ | yasume | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | やすまれる | yasumareru | |
| Causative | やすませる やすます |
yasumaseru yasumasu | |
| Potential | やすめる | yasumeru | |
| Volitional | やすもう | yasumō | |
| Negative | やすまない | yasumanai | |
| Negative continuative | やすまず | yasumazu | |
| Formal | やすみます | yasumimasu | |
| Perfective | やすんだ | yasunda | |
| Conjunctive | やすんで | yasunde | |
| Hypothetical conditional | やすめば | yasumeba | |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | やすま | yasuma | |
| Continuative (連用形) | やすみ | yasumi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | やすむ | yasumu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | やすむ | yasumu | |
| Realis (已然形) | やすめ | yasume | |
| Imperative (命令形) | やすめ | yasume | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | やすまず | yasumazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | やすめど | yasumedo | |
| Causal conjunction | やすめば | yasumeba | |
| Conditional conjunction | やすまば | yasumaba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | やすみき | yasumiki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | やすみけり | yasumikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | やすみつ | yasumitu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | やすみぬ | yasuminu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | やすめり やすみたり |
yasumeri yasumitari | |
| Volitional | やすまむ | yasumamu | |
Synonyms
[edit]- (to rest): 休憩する (kyūkei suru)
- (to sleep): 寝る (neru), 就寝する (shūshin suru)
- (to be absent): 欠席する (kesseki suru)
- (to be dormant): 休止する (kyūshi suru)
Related terms
[edit]- 休み (yasumi) (noun)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN