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दुस्-

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Sanskrit

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Alternative forms

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  • दुः- (duḥ-)before श्, ष्, स् (ś, ṣ, s) and rarely before क्, ख्, प्, फ् (k, kh, p, ph)
    • दुᳶ- (duf-)(upadhmānīya) optionally before प्, फ् (p, ph)
    • दुᳵ- (dux-)(jihvāmūlīya) optionally before क्, ख् (k, kh)
  • दुर्- (dur-)before vowels and voiced consonants
  • दुश्- (duś-)before च्, छ् (c, ch) and rarely before श् (ś)
  • दुष्- (duṣ-)before क्, ख्, प्, फ् (k, kh, p, ph) and rarely before ष् (); in older language also before त्, थ् (t, th) which become ट्, ठ् (ṭ, ṭh)
  • दू- (dū-)before र् (r) and sometimes before द्, ध्, न् (d, dh, n), which become ड्, ढ्, ण् (ḍ, ḍh, ṇ)

Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-. Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, hard, difficult), Old Armenian տ- (t-, a negative prefix), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌶- (tuz-); Old Irish do-.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    दुस्- (dus-)

    1. ill-, mal-
    2. badly, hardly; slight, inferior, etc., often = English in- or un-.
      दुस्- (dus-) + ‎कर्म (karma, act, action) → ‎दुष्कर्म (duṣkarma, evil act)

    Antonyms

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    Derived terms

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    References

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    • Monier Williams (1899) “दुस्-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 488/1.
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 735-6