क्षेत्र

See also: क्षत्र

Hindi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram

Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)bor.

Hindi क्षेत्र (kṣetra)

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra). Doublet of खेत (khet).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /kʂeːt̪.ɾᵊ/, [kʃeːt̪.ɾᵊ]

Noun

क्षेत्र • (kṣetra) m (Urdu spelling کشيتر)

1. field, area of study

   गणित का कौन्सा क्षेत्र तुम्हे सबसे पसंद आता है?

   gaṇit kā kaunsā kṣetra tumhe sabse pasand ātā hai?

   Which field of mathematics do you like the most?

2. region, area, zone

   Synonyms: इलाक़ा (ilāqā), हलक़ा (halqā), ज़ोन (zon), अंचल (añcal)

   यह क्षेत्र उस राज्य के अंतर्गत है।

   yah kṣetra us rājya ke antargat hai.

   This region is included in that state.

   पश्चिमी क्षेत्र ― paścimī kṣetra ― western zone

3. field, land, enclosed plot of ground

   Synonyms: खेत (khet), ज़मीन (zamīn)

4. (physics) field

   वैद्युत क्षेत्र ― vaidyut kṣetra ― electric field

Declension

Declension of क्षेत्र (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	क्षेत्र kṣetra	क्षेत्र kṣetra
oblique	क्षेत्र kṣetra	क्षेत्रों kṣetrõ
vocative	क्षेत्र kṣetra	क्षेत्रो kṣetro

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “क्षेत्र”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “क्षेत्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram

Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)bor.

Nepali क्षेत्र (kṣetra)

Borrowed from Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡sʰet̪rʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: छेत्र

Noun

क्षेत्र • (kṣetra)

1. field, area, region, zone

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ক্ষেত্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬓ᭄ᬱᬾᬢ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• ক্ষেত্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰸𑰝𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑁆𑀱𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• က္ၑေတြ (Burmese script)
• ક્ષેત્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਕ੍ਸ਼ੇਤ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍇𑌤𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦏ꧀ꦰꦺꦠꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂵𑂞𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ (Kannada script)
• ក្ឞេត្រ (Khmer script)
• ກ຺ເຩຕ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• ക്ഷേത്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᢢᡝᢠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘹𑘝𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢉᢔᠧᢐᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧚𑦽𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐾𑐟𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• କ୍ଷେତ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢒ꣄ꢰꢾꢡ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆼𑆠𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖸𑖝𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ක්‍ෂෙත්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩔𑩫 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚶𑚲𑚙𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• க்ஷேத்ர (Tamil script)
• క్షేత్ర (Telugu script)
• กฺเษตฺร (Thai script)
• ཀྵེ་ཏྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒹𑒞𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨄𑨙𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-

Proto-Indo-European *tḱey-

Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr

Proto-Indo-European *-trom

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram

Sanskrit क्षेत्र॑ (kṣétra)

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ṭṣáytram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱéytrom. Cognate with Avestan 𐬱𐬋𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 (šōiθra), English home.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʂɐ́jt.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkʂeːt̪.ɾɐ/

Noun

क्षेत्र॑ • (kṣétra) stem, n

1. land, soil, ground
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. field, cultivated area
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. area, domain place, region, country
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of क्षेत्र (kṣétra)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	क्षेत्रम् kṣétram	क्षेत्रे kṣétre	क्षेत्राणि / क्षेत्रा¹ kṣétrāṇi / kṣétrā¹
Vocative	क्षेत्र kṣétra	क्षेत्रे kṣétre	क्षेत्राणि / क्षेत्रा¹ kṣétrāṇi / kṣétrā¹
Accusative	क्षेत्रम् kṣétram	क्षेत्रे kṣétre	क्षेत्राणि / क्षेत्रा¹ kṣétrāṇi / kṣétrā¹
Instrumental	क्षेत्रेण kṣétreṇa	क्षेत्राभ्याम् kṣétrābhyām	क्षेत्रैः / क्षेत्रेभिः¹ kṣétraiḥ / kṣétrebhiḥ¹
Dative	क्षेत्राय kṣétrāya	क्षेत्राभ्याम् kṣétrābhyām	क्षेत्रेभ्यः kṣétrebhyaḥ
Ablative	क्षेत्रात् kṣétrāt	क्षेत्राभ्याम् kṣétrābhyām	क्षेत्रेभ्यः kṣétrebhyaḥ
Genitive	क्षेत्रस्य kṣétrasya	क्षेत्रयोः kṣétrayoḥ	क्षेत्राणाम् kṣétrāṇām
Locative	क्षेत्रे kṣétre	क्षेत्रयोः kṣétrayoḥ	क्षेत्रेषु kṣétreṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • → Kalasha: č̣hetr
  • → Khowar: ݯھیتُر (c̣hétur)
• Niya Prakrit: 𐨐𐨿𐨮𐨅𐨟𐨿𐨪 (kṣetra)
• Prakrit: 𑀔𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢 (khĕtta), 𑀙𑁂𑀢𑁆𑀢 (chĕtta) (see there for further descendants)
• Pali: khetta
  • → Khmer: ខេត្ត (khaet)
  • → Lao: ເຂດ (khēt)
  • → Thai: เขต (kèet)
  • → Tocharian B: keta (learned)

Borrowed terms

• → Middle Chinese: 剎多羅 (MC tsrhaet ta la)
  • → Mandarin: 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó)
  • → Middle Korean: 刹 (뎔, dyeol), 刹 (졀, jyeol)
    • → Japanese: 寺 (てら, tera)
    • → Korean: 찰 (chal), 절 (jeol)
    • → Vietnamese: 剎 (sát)
• → Assamese: ক্ষেত্ৰ (khetro)
• → Bengali: ক্ষেত্র (khetro)
• → English: kshetra
• → Hindi: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
• → Marathi: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
• → Kannada: ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ (kṣētra)
• → Khmer: ក្សេត្រ (kseet)
• → Lao: ກະເສດ (ka sēt)
• → Nepali: क्षेत्र (kṣetra)
• → Odia: କ୍ଷେତ୍ର (kshetra), କ୍ଷେତ (ksheta)
• → Old Javanese: kṣetra, setra
  • > Javanese: ꦱꦺꦠꦿ (sétra) (inherited)
    • → Indonesian: setra (“field”)
  • → Balinese: ᬲᬾᬢ᭄ᬭ (setra)
    • → Indonesian: setra (“graveyard, cemetery”)
• → Tamil: கேத்திரம் (kēttiram), சேத்து (cēttu), சேத்திரம் (cēttiram), க்ஷேத்திரம் (kṣēttiram)
• → Telugu: క్షేత్రము (kṣētramu), క్షేత్రం (kṣētraṁ)
• → Thai: เกษตร (gà-sèet)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “क्षेत्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 332.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kṣḗtra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 195