आत्मन्

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Sanskrit

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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आ- (ā-, ad-) +‎ अन् (an, to breathe, respire) +‎ -मन् (-man). From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (breath, spirit), from *h₁eh₁t- (to breathe) +‎ *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (breath), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (wish, self, soul).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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आत्मन् (ātmán) stemm (root अन्)

  1. breath (RV.)
  2. soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
  3. self, ego
  4. nature, character
  5. a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
  6. body
  7. mind, understanding
  8. the world-soul
  9. effort (L.)
  10. firmness (L.)
  11. sun (L.)
  12. fire (L.)
  13. son (L.)

Declension

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Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन् (ātmán)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative आत्मा
ātmā́
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹
ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹
आत्मानः
ātmā́naḥ
Vocative आत्मन्
ā́tman
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹
ā́tmānau / ā́tmānā¹
आत्मानः
ā́tmānaḥ
Accusative आत्मानम्
ātmā́nam
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹
ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹
आत्मनः
ātmánaḥ
Instrumental आत्मना
ātmánā
आत्मभ्याम्
ātmábhyām
आत्मभिः
ātmábhiḥ
Dative आत्मने
ātmáne
आत्मभ्याम्
ātmábhyām
आत्मभ्यः
ātmábhyaḥ
Ablative आत्मनः
ātmánaḥ
आत्मभ्याम्
ātmábhyām
आत्मभ्यः
ātmábhyaḥ
Genitive आत्मनः
ātmánaḥ
आत्मनोः
ātmánoḥ
आत्मनाम्
ātmánām
Locative आत्मनि / आत्मन्¹
ātmáni / ātmán¹
आत्मनोः
ātmánoḥ
आत्मसु
ātmásu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

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Pronoun

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आत्मन् (ātmán)

  1. (reflexive pronoun) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence

Declension

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Masculine an-stem declension of आत्मन् (ātmán)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative आत्मा
ātmā́
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹
ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹
आत्मानः
ātmā́naḥ
Vocative आत्मन्
ā́tman
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹
ā́tmānau / ā́tmānā¹
आत्मानः
ā́tmānaḥ
Accusative आत्मानम्
ātmā́nam
आत्मानौ / आत्माना¹
ātmā́nau / ātmā́nā¹
आत्मनः
ātmánaḥ
Instrumental आत्मना
ātmánā
आत्मभ्याम्
ātmábhyām
आत्मभिः
ātmábhiḥ
Dative आत्मने
ātmáne
आत्मभ्याम्
ātmábhyām
आत्मभ्यः
ātmábhyaḥ
Ablative आत्मनः
ātmánaḥ
आत्मभ्याम्
ātmábhyām
आत्मभ्यः
ātmábhyaḥ
Genitive आत्मनः
ātmánaḥ
आत्मनोः
ātmánoḥ
आत्मनाम्
ātmánām
Locative आत्मनि / आत्मन्¹
ātmáni / ātmán¹
आत्मनोः
ātmánoḥ
आत्मसु
ātmásu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Borrowed terms

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Descendants

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References

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  • Monier Williams (1899) “आत्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0135.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 164-165
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ātmán”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press