आत्मन्
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- त्मन् (tmán)
Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- আত্মন্ (Assamese script)
- ᬆᬢ᭄ᬫᬦ᭄ (Balinese script)
- আত্মন্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰁𑰝𑰿𑰦𑰡𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀆𑀢𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- အာတ္မန် (Burmese script)
- આત્મન્ (Gujarati script)
- ਆਤ੍ਮਨ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌆𑌤𑍍𑌮𑌨𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦄꦴꦠ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂄𑂞𑂹𑂧𑂢𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಆತ್ಮೝ (Kannada script)
- អាត្មន៑ (Khmer script)
- ອາຕ຺ມນ຺ (Lao script)
- ആത്മന് (Malayalam script)
- ᠠ᠊ᠠᢠᠮᠠᠨ (Manchu script)
- 𑘁𑘝𑘿𑘦𑘡𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢗᢐᠮᠠᠨ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦡𑦽𑧠𑧆𑧁𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐁𑐟𑑂𑐩𑐣𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଆତ୍ମନ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢃꢡ꣄ꢪꢥ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆄𑆠𑇀𑆩𑆤𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖁𑖝𑖿𑖦𑖡𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ආත්මන් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩛𑩫 𑪙𑩴𑩯 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚁𑚙𑚶𑚢𑚝𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஆத்மந் (Tamil script)
- ఆత్మౝ (Telugu script)
- อาตฺมนฺ (Thai script)
- ཨཱ་ཏྨ་ན྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒂𑒞𑓂𑒧𑒢𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨊𑨙𑩇𑨢𑨝𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) + *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]आत्मन् • (ātmán) stem, m
- breath (RV.)
- soul, life (RV., AV., etc.)
- self, ego
- nature, character
- a person as a whole, as opposed to their parts (VS., ŚBr.)
- body
- mind, understanding
- the world-soul
- effort (L.)
- firmness (L.)
- sun (L.)
- fire (L.)
- son (L.)
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आत्मा (ātmā́) | आत्मानौ (ātmā́nau) आत्माना¹ (ātmā́nā¹) |
आत्मानः (ātmā́naḥ) |
| accusative | आत्मानम् (ātmā́nam) | आत्मानौ (ātmā́nau) आत्माना¹ (ātmā́nā¹) |
आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ) |
| instrumental | आत्मना (ātmánā) | आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām) | आत्मभिः (ātmábhiḥ) |
| dative | आत्मने (ātmáne) | आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām) | आत्मभ्यः (ātmábhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ) | आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām) | आत्मभ्यः (ātmábhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ) | आत्मनोः (ātmánoḥ) | आत्मनाम् (ātmánām) |
| locative | आत्मनि (ātmáni) आत्मन्¹ (ātmán¹) |
आत्मनोः (ātmánoḥ) | आत्मसु (ātmásu) |
| vocative | आत्मन् (ā́tman) | आत्मानौ (ā́tmānau) आत्माना¹ (ā́tmānā¹) |
आत्मानः (ā́tmānaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]आत्मन् • (ātmán)
- (reflexive pronoun) a person in the predicate who is also the subject of the sentence
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | आत्मा (ātmā́) | आत्मानौ (ātmā́nau) आत्माना¹ (ātmā́nā¹) |
आत्मानः (ātmā́naḥ) |
| accusative | आत्मानम् (ātmā́nam) | आत्मानौ (ātmā́nau) आत्माना¹ (ātmā́nā¹) |
आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ) |
| instrumental | आत्मना (ātmánā) | आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām) | आत्मभिः (ātmábhiḥ) |
| dative | आत्मने (ātmáne) | आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām) | आत्मभ्यः (ātmábhyaḥ) |
| ablative | आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ) | आत्मभ्याम् (ātmábhyām) | आत्मभ्यः (ātmábhyaḥ) |
| genitive | आत्मनः (ātmánaḥ) | आत्मनोः (ātmánoḥ) | आत्मनाम् (ātmánām) |
| locative | आत्मनि (ātmáni) आत्मन्¹ (ātmán¹) |
आत्मनोः (ātmánoḥ) | आत्मसु (ātmásu) |
| vocative | आत्मन् (ā́tman) | आत्मानौ (ā́tmānau) आत्माना¹ (ā́tmānā¹) |
आत्मानः (ā́tmānaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Pali: attan, tuma
- Prakrit: 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta), 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧 (appa), 𑀆𑀢 (āta), 𑀆𑀤 (āda), 𑀆𑀬 (āya) (see there for further descendants)
Borrowed terms:
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “आत्मन्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 135, column 1.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 164-165
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ātmán”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁eh₁t-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit an-stem nouns
- Sanskrit pronouns
- Sanskrit reflexive pronouns