𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• atta (Latin script)
• अत्त (Devanagari script)
• অত্ত (Bengali script)
• අත‍්ත (Sinhalese script)
• အတ္တ or ဢတ္တ or ဢတ်တ (Burmese script)
• อตฺต or อัตตะ (Thai script)
• ᩋᨲ᩠ᨲ (Tai Tham script)
• ອຕ຺ຕ or ອັຕຕະ (Lao script)
• អត្ត (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄖𑄴𑄖 (Chakma script)

Noun

𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta)

1. vocative singular of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀦𑁆 (attan), Brahmi script form of attan

Prakrit

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𐨀𐨟𐨿𐨪 (atra, Shahbazgarhi, Mansehra), 𑀅𑀢 (ata /⁠atta⁠/, Kalsi), from Sanskrit अत्र (átra).

Adverb

𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) (Devanagari अत्त)

1. here

Descendants

• Konkani: आता (ātā)
• Old Marathi: आतां (ātāṃ)
  • Marathi: आता (ātā)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit आप्त (āptá).

Adjective

𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) (Devanagari अत्त)

1. reached
2. received, obtained, got
3. abundant, full
4. apt, fit

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (atto)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (atteṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (atteṇaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (attehi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attehiṃ)
Dative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (attassa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (attammi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (attesu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attāhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼 (attāsu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attāsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (atteṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (atteṇaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (attehi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attehiṃ)
Dative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (attassa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (attammi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (attesu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Sanskrit आर्त (ā́rta).

Adjective

𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) (Devanagari अत्त)

1. pained, injured, sick

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (atto)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (atteṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (atteṇaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (attehi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attehiṃ)
Dative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (attassa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (attammi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (attesu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attāhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼 (attāsu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attāsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (atteṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (atteṇaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (attehi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attehiṃ)
Dative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (attassa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (attammi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (attesu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)

Etymology 4

Inherited from Sanskrit आत्त (ātta).

Adjective

𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) (Devanagari अत्त)

1. taken, seized, grasped

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (atto)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (atteṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (atteṇaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (attehi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attehiṃ)
Dative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (attassa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (attammi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (attesu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (feminine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attāhiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀏 (attāe) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼 (attāsu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attāsuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (neuter)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)
Accusative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀁 (attaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)
Instrumental	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡 (atteṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑀁 (atteṇaṃ)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺 (attehi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (attehiṃ)
Dative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀅 (attāa)	—
Ablative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀑 (attāo) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀉 (attāu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺 (attāhi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (attāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀲 (attassa)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡 (attāṇa) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀡𑀁 (attāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (attammi) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂 (atte)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 (attesu) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (attesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā)	𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇𑀁 (attāiṃ) or 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀇 (attāi)

Etymology 5

Inherited from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).

Noun

𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢 (atta) (Devanagari अत्त)

1. Alternative form of 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧 (appa)

Usage notes

Nominative form is 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸 (attā), remaining forms decline with 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀡- (attaṇa-).

Derived terms

• 𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀡𑀅 (attaṇaa)

Descendants

• Southern Indo-Aryan:
  • Helu Prakrit:
    • Dhivehi: ތިމަން (timan̊)
    • Sinhalese: අත (ata), තමා (tamā)
• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Nepali: आन्त (ānta)

References

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “अत्त”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 47.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “átra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press