Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/HáHtmā

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁t-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁tmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”).

Noun

*HáHtmā ~ *Htmáns m

1. breath
2. soul, self

Inflection

This would be the paradigm inherited from Proto-Indo-European:

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*HáHtmā	*HáHtmānāw	*HáHtmānas
vocative	*HáHtman	*HáHtmānāw	*HáHtmānas
accusative	*HáHtmānam	*HáHtmānāw	*Htanás
instrumental	*HtanáH	*HtanbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m	*Htmabʰíš
ablative	*Htanás	*HtanbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m	*HtmabʰyáH
dative	*Htanáy	*HtanbʰyáH, -bʰyā́m	*HtmabʰyáH
genitive	*Htanás	*Htanáwš	*Htanā́m
locative	*HáHtmani	*Htanáwš	*Htmasú

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáHtmā ~ *Htmáns
  • Vedic Sanskrit: त्मन् (tmán), (later) आत्मन् (ātmán) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Nuristani: *āmmána (“self”)
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: amú

      Kativiri: amú